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World History
Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mecca | Where Muhammad was born. |
| Bedouins | A nomadic Arab in the desert. |
| Kaaba | It is a stone that is considered the most sacred point inside the most sacred mosque. |
| Khadija | The first wife of Muhammad. |
| Quran | Sacred word of God. |
| People of the Book | Jews and Christians |
| Sharia | Body of laws. |
| Oasis | A fertile area in a desert. |
| Hijra | A journey |
| Monotheistic | Believing in only one God. |
| Mosque | Houses of Worship that people pray in. |
| Hajj | Pilgrimage to Mecca. |
| Jihad | Effort in God's service. |
| Abu Bakr | First caliph. Arabs refused to follow Abu Bakr and withdrew their loyalty to Islam. Reunited the Arabs. |
| battle of Tours | battle between Frankish leader, Charles Martel, and a massive invading islamic |
| Fatima and Ali | Muhammad's daughter and son-in-law. |
| Sufi | A third tradition. Sought communication with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals. Helped spread Islam through missionary work. |
| Umayyads | A family that set up a dynasty that rule the Islamic world until 750. |
| Abbassids | Dynasty founded by Abu al-Abbas, which lasted until 1258. It ended Arab dominance ad helped make Islam a universal religion. |
| Harun al-Rashid | Was the fifth caliph. |
| Seljuks | The Turks that migrated into the Middle East from Central Asia. They adopted Islam and built a large empire across the Fertile Crescent. |
| Tamerlane | Military leader for Persia. |
| caliph | successor to Muhammad |
| minaret | slender towers of mosques |
| muezzin | a mosque official |
| sultan | authority |
| Omar Khayyám | Persian polymath, philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and poet. Was Sufi mystic. |
| Averroes | mediæval Andalusian Muslim polymath |
| Muhammad al-razi | was a Persian polymath, physician, alchemist and chemist, philosophe |
| Avicenna | Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age |
| social mobility | ability to move up is social class |
| arabesque | intricate design made up of curved lines that suggest floral shapes used to decorate rugs, textiles, and glassware. |
| calligraphy | fancy or stylized handwriting |
| Sikhism | Religion that is the combination of Islam and Hinduism. |
| Babur | a conqueror from Central Asia who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian |
| Mughal | The Mughal Empire, self-designated as Gurkani, was a Persianate empire extending over large parts of the Indian subcontinent and ruled by a dynasty of Chagatai-Turkic origin. |
| Nur Jahan | born as Mehr-un-Nissa, was Empress of the Mughal Empire as the chief consort of Emperor Jahangir. |
| Taj Mahal | white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. |
| sultanate | land ruled by a sultan |
| caste | social groups from which they could not change |
| rajah | local Hindu Rulers |
| Sinan | chief Ottoman architect and civil engineer for sultans |
| Isfahan | It flourished from 1050 to 1722, in the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty, when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history. |
| millet | In the Ottoman empire, a religious community of non-Muslims |
| janizary | elite force of the Ottoman army |
| shah | king |
Created by:
abbyreeves
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