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Cell Bio Exam 3
Ch 15, 17, 18, 21
| Question/Term | Answer/Definition |
|---|---|
| Properties of Intermediate Filaments | Polarity: None Functions: -Structure -Shape -Formation of nuclear lamina and scaffolding -Strengthening of nerve cell axons -Keeping muscle fibers in register |
| Properties of Microtubules | Monomers: Alpha-Tubulin and Beta-Tubulin Polarity: +/- ends Functions: -Organization of share and polarity -Chromosome movements -Intracellular transport -Cell motility |
| Elements of the Cytoskeleton | 1. Microtubules (MTs) 2. Microfilaments (MFs) 3. Intermediate filaments (IFs) |
| Properties of Microfilaments | Monomers: G-actin Polarity: +/- ends Functions: -Muscle contraction -Cell locomotion -Cytoplasmic streaming -Cytokinesis -Shape and transport |
| Types of Microtubules | 1. Cytoplasmic 2. Axonemal |
| Bacterial-Tubulin Equivalent | Ftz |
| Bacterial Intermediate Filament Protein Equivalent | Crescentin |
| Protofilament, Heterodimer, Tubulin Monomers | Protofilament: The whole heterodimer and monomer(alpha or beta monomers) all together. Heterodimer: Alpha and Beta monomers. Monomer: An alpha or Beta particle. |
| Bacteria Actin Equivalent | MreB |
| Vinblastine and Vincristine | -Affect MTs -Aggregate tubulin heterodimers |
| Phallodin | -Affects MFs -Binds and stabilizes assembled MFs - (+) No polymerization - (-) No depolymerization |
| Taxol | - Affects MTs - Stabilizes MTs - (+) No polymerization - (-) No depolymerization -Everything is stable. |
| Latrunculin A | - Affects MFs - Sequesters actin monomers "JAIL" (Puts monomers separately in a corner or "jail" to keep from polymerizing. |
| Microfilament Actins | - G-actin - F-actin - G-actin: Monomers of F-actin - F-actin: Polymerized G-actin which form filaments. |
| Cytochalasin D | - Affects MTs - Prevents addition of new monomers to plus ends ("thinks plus end is ugly and won't hook up with it") |
| Colchicine Colcemid | - Affects MTs - Binds tubulin monomers, inhibiting self assembly (binds to both/either alpha or beta monomers and won't let them polymerize). |
| Nocadazole | - Affects MTs - Binds to Beta-tubulin, inhibiting polymerization (thus will not allow the monomers to bind). |
| Singlet MTs | - 13 profilaments - Cytoplasmic MTs |
| Doublet MTs | - One of the 13 protofilament part and one additional incomplete 10 or 11 protofilament part. - Ex: Cilia and flagella |
| Triplet MTs | - One 13 protofilament part and two additional 10 or 11 protofilament parts. - Ex: Basal bodies and centrioles |
| Microtubule Nucleation | - When oligomers (groups of aggregated tubulin heterodimers) form nuclei from which MTs grow. |
| Microtubule Elongation | - The stage in which nucleated MTs grow by the addition of subunits at either end. |
| MT Lag Phase | Nucleation |
| MT Elongation Phase | - Tubulin heterodimers are added to the nucleated MT and it grows. |
| MT Plateau Phase | - MT assembly and disassembly are balanced. |
| MT Critical Concentration | - The tubulin heterodimer concentration at which MT assembly is exactly balanced with disassembly. |
| MT Plus End | - The rapidly growing end of the MT. |
| MT Minus End | - The slowly growing end of the MT OR - The depolymerizing end when the critical concentration is reached for the plus end, but not the minus end. |
| Treadmilling | - When a given tubulin molecule incorporated at the plus end is displaced progressively along. -The MT eventually are lost by depolymerization at the opposite end. |
| MAPs | -MT-associated proteins. -MAPs increased MT stability and can affect the density of bundles of MTs. -Tau: Causes MTs to form tight bundles in axons. -MAP2: Causes the formation of looser bundles of MTs. |
| Tau | Causes MTs to form tight bundles in axons. |
| MAP2 | Causes the formation of looser bundles of MTs. |
Created by:
elenaekaterinburg
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