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Modern Middle East

QuestionAnswer
Persian Gulf War A war fought between Iraq and a coalition led by the United States that freed Kuwait from Iraqi invaders; 1990-1991
War on Terror Is a term commonly applied to an international military campaign which started as a result of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. The goal was to eliminate al-Qaeda.
Iraq War A military conflict in Iraq that began in 2003 with an attack by a coalition of forces led by the United States and that resulted in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime. US combat troops were withdrawn in 2011.
Iranian Revolution Iran's revolution began with a popular democracy movement and ended with the establishment of the world's first Islamic state. This drastically changed Iranian society.
Saddam Hussein Iraqi leader who led Iraq into the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) and the Persian Gulf War (1991) but was captured in the US-led invasion of 2003; executed 2006
Osama bin Laden Saudi-born leader of the al-Qaida terrorist network: presumed to have planned the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington of September 11 2001. Killed by US Special Forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan in 2011.
al-Qaida A radical Islamic group organized by Osama bin Laden in the 1990s to engage in terrorist activities.
Osama bin Laden Saudi-born leader of the al-Qaida terrorist network: presumed to have planned the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington of September 11 2001. Killed by US Special Forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan in 2011.
Taliban A militant fundamentalist-Islamic movement, chiefly in Afghanistan: it took control of much of Afghanistan during the 1990s and were removed by U.S.-led forces in 2001
ISIS/ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Started as an al Qaeda group, their aim was to create an Islamic state across Sunni areas of Iraq and in Syria. Al Qaeda broke off ties with ISIS/ISIL in Feb. 2014.
Arab Springs A wave of pro-democracy, human rights protests and uprisings that took place in the Middle East beginning in 2010 and 2011.
WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction
Weapons of Mass Destruction A nuclear, radiological, biological, chemical or other weapon that can kill and bring significant number of people.
Sunnis A sect of Islam, they have no formally organized clerics but see Islam as accessible to anyone who studies devoutly. They believe that Abu Baker, Muhammad's father-in-law was the rightful successor.
Shiite A sect of Islam, they are religiously obliged to follow the teachings of their clerics, imams, and ayatollahs. Shiites believe that Muhammad's son-in-law Ali should have succeeded Muhammad.
Iranian Hostage Crisis An international event in 1979–81, when Iranian students/militants took 52 Americans from the US Embassy in Tehran and kept them as prisoners for more than 14 months.
Coalition an alliance for combined action, especially a temporary alliance of political parties forming a government or of states.
Iran-Iraq War Started by Iraq dictator Saddam Hussein in September 1980, the war was marked by indiscriminate ballistic-missile attacks, extensive use of chemical weapons and attacks on third-country oil tankers in the Persian Gulf.
Theocracy government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided
Zionism A Jewish nationalist movement that had the objective of a Jewish state.
United Nations (U.N.) An international organization that focuses on peace between countries.
Palestinian Territory Territory in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip controlled by the Palestinian Authority.
Israel a republic in the Middle East on the Mediterranean: formed as a Jewish state May 1948.
OPEC O(rganization of) P(etroleum) E(xporting) C(ountries)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries an organization founded in 1960 of nations that export large amounts of petroleum: formed to establish oil-exporting policies and set prices.
NATO N(orth) A(tlantic) T(reaty) O(rganization)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization an organization formed in Washington, D.C. (1949), comprising the 12 nations of the Atlantic Pact together with Greece, Turkey, and the Federal Republic of Germany, for the purpose of collective defense against aggression.
coalition an alliance, sometimes a temporary alliance of countries that come together for a common purpose or goal.
Regime a governing power within a certain time frame.
Created by: awilfert
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