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CNS Exam2 MASH NWHSU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| [2] Which of the basal nuclei lies in the wall of the lateral ventricle? | Caudate nucleus |
| [4] Pathology in or decreased transmitter substance (Dopamine) in the __________ results in Parkinson's disease. | Substantia nigra |
| [4] Parkinson's disease falls into which of the two categories of basal nuclear motor dysfunction/deficits? | hypokinesia and hypertonia Overexcitation (loss of inhibition) |
| [4] By which descending motor tracts does the vestibulocerebellum affect the lower motor neurons of the lumbar cord? | Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract MLF and Medial Vestibulospinal Tract (Email) |
| [2] List the afferents to the left dentate nucleus: inhibitory stimuli from the _________ cells located in the ___________. | R purkinje cells R pontocerebellum |
| [2] List the afferents to the left dentate nucleus: excititory stimuli from _________ nuclei via the middle cerebellar peduncle. | R pontine |
| [2] List the afferents to the left dentate nucleus: excitatory stimuli from ________ nuclei via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. | R inferior Olivary nuclei or R arcuate |
| [3] Name the region of the cerebellum: includes the fastigial nucleus A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | Vestibulocerebellum and spinocerebellum |
| [2] Name the region of the cerebellum: afferents include the dorsal spinocerebellar tract A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | Spinocerebellum |
| [4] Name the region of the cerebellum: is phylogenically the oldest portion A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Name the region of the cerebellum: is the most important region for fine motor control A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | Pontocerebellum |
| [2] Name the region of the cerebellum: efferents terminate in the red nuleus A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | spinocerebellum and pontocerebellum |
| Name the region of the cerebellum: in general, affect muscles on the same side of the body A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | Vestibulocerebellum |
| [6] Which of the following may result with disturbances in the vestibular system? A. Truncal ataxia B. Nystagmus C. Dizziness D. Nausea Which part of the cerebellum would this disturbance/pathology happen. | Truncal ataxia and nystagmus Vestibulocerebellum |
| [2] What is the most likely site of a lesion in sudden onset unilateral deafness? Left ear has a problem in the _____. | peripheral lesion on that side Left periphery |
| [2] In the basic auditory pathway, the right inferior colliculus receives afferents from ______________. | Dorsal and ventral cochlear ggl |
| [5] Which accessory auditory nucleus is required to discern distance and direction? | superior olive nucleus |
| [2] What is the basis of organization in area 41 and 42. | Tonotropic (Based on frequency) |
| [2] Describe (Don't just name) the deficit resulting from damage to the left auditory association cortex. | Receptive aphasic, you can hear incoming words but you cannot put meaning to them |
| [5] The ganglion axon from the retina terminates on: ______ in the pathway for conscious visual awareness. | Lateral geniculate |
| [5] The ganglion axon from the retina terminates on: _________ in the pathway for the pupillary light response. (Pupillary constriction) | Superior colliculi |
| [5] The ganglion axon from the retina terminates on: _________ in the pathway for pupillary dilation. | hypothalamus |
| [2] Give 2 reasons why the fovea centralis is the area of highest visual acuity. | 1. Only cones (no blood vessel/neuron) 2. No convergence (1:1) (Fovea centralis is NOT in the center of the optic disc) |
| [2] Darken the fields which represent the retinal information going to left posterior area 17. | darken left side of Left eye and Darken left side of R eye |
| [5] Darken the blind visual fields resulting from damage to the optic chiasm. What would likely cause this damage/interruption. Is the pupillary light response normal? If not describe. | (tunnel vision) darken outer side of both circles) Tumor in Pituitary gland Yes normal |
| [3] Darken the blind visual field resulting from damage to the left temporal loop. | Top right piece of pie on both circles. |
| [5] Blindness in the left eye is most likely due to a lesion located in ___ _______ | the left optic nerve |
| [3] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receives afferents from bilateral pretectal nuclei. | Edinger westphal |
| [4] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receives chemoreceptor and barroreceptor afferents. | Solitarius inferior part/caudal |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receives cortical afferents ONLY fromt eh contralateral coretex. | Facial motor, lower half |
| [2] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Reveives afferents from the contralateral lateral gaze center | oculomotor |
| [3] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. motor to skeletal muscle of larynx, pharynx, and esophagus | Ambiguous |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Fibers of the facial motor nucleus pass posterior to it. | Trigeminal motor |
| [4] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Parasympathetic fibers join the glossopharyngeal nerve | Ambiguous and Inferior salivatory |
| [2] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receives taste afferents | Solitarious superior part |
| [5] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. fibers terminate on the pterygopalatine ganglion | superior salivatory/lacrimal |
| [2] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. parasympathetic to the stomach | dorsal motor nucleus |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. At the same brainstem level as the inferior colliculus. | inferior salivatory |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Efferent fibers pass between the olive and the pyramid. | Abducens |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Innervates muscles derived from Arch I | Edinger Westphal |
| [2] The neostriatum receives afferents from wide areas of the cerebral cortex, from __________ and from _________. | VA and VL nucleus of the thalamus Substantia Nigra |
| Motor deficits w/interruption of fibers in genu of left internal capsule A.Weakness in mm of mastification on the R B.Deviation of the protruded tongue C.Can't voluntarily move eyes to L D.Can't smile on R E.Can't close R eye F.Can't open R eye | B. deviation of protruded toungue D. Inability to smile on the R (The rest are bilaterally innervated) |
| [2] The ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus projects to areas ________ of the cerebral cortex and receives afferents from ___________ via the superior cerebellar peduncle and from ______. | 4 and 6 Globus/Emboliform nucleus Paleostriatum |
| The fastigial nucleus receives inhibitory afferents from the ________ Be Very Specific. | Purkinje cell axon in the Vestibulocerebellar cortex and spinocerbellar cortex. |
| Name the functional lobe(s) of the cerebellum described. Influences the motor cortices. A.Vestibulocerebellum B.Spinocerebellum C.Pontocerebllum | Spinocerebellum and Pontocerebllum |
| [2] Name the region of the cerebellum: Especially important in large motor stereotyped movements. A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | Spinocerebellum |
| [3] Name the region of the cerebellum: Influences lower motor neurons via the reticulospinal tracts. A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | Vestibuloverebellum and spinocerebellum |
| [2] Name the region of the cerebellum: Receives afferents from nucleus dorsalis A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | Spinocerebellum |
| Name the region of the cerebellum: Receives the vast majority of its input indirectly from the cerebral cortex. A. Vestibulocerebellum B. Spinocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum | Pontocerebellum |
| [2] Vestibular nuclei communicate with the _____ via the __________. | 3, 4, 6 Medial longitudinal fasciculus |
| Vestibular nuclei receive afferents concerning head position from the _______ via the vestibular nerve. Be very specific. | Macula |
| Descending fibers in the anterior limb of the internal capsule terminate on _________ to influence the cerebellum. | Pontine nuclei |
| [2] In the basic auditory pathway, the left anterior and posterior cochlear nuclei terminate on the ________________. | Left and right inferior colliculus (Synapse bilaterally) |
| [2] Which accessory auditory nucleus terminates on teh organ of Corti? | Superior olive |
| [2] Which portion of the basilar membrane vibrates maximally to high frequency sounds? | Basal portion |
| [3] Which layers are separated in a detached retina? | Pigmented layer and rods/cones layer of retina (photoreceptive) |
| [2] Where is the cortical representation of the left macular fields. | Left posterior, superior and inferior calcarine gyri |
| [2] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receives corticobulbar fibers only from the contralateral cortex | Facial motor, lower portion |
| [2] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Projects to the left superior oblique. | Trochlear, Right |
| [3] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Parasympathetic to the heart. | Ambiguous |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Located only in the mid pons close to the chief sensory nucleus of V | Trigeminal motor (Motor nucleus of V) |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receives afferents via the facial nerve. | Solitarius, Supeior Part/Rostral Nucleus of the spinotrigeminal tract |
| [4] Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receives afferents from the left lateral gaze center. | Abducens Left Oculomotor Right |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Parasympathetic to the duodenum. | Dorsal motor nucleus of X |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receives afferents from the superior colliculus. | Edinger Westphal |
| [2] Paleostriatum receives afferents from _______ and projects predominately to ___________. | Neostriatum VA and VL nuclei of thalamus |
| The ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus recieves afferents from what three nuclei. | paleostriatum, globus/emboliform, dentate |
| Areas 4,6 of the cerebral cortex receive afferents from __________ nucleus of the thalamus and _________ nucleus of the thalamus. | Ventral lateral and ventral anterior |
| The neostriatum is composed of _________, _______. | Caudate, putaman |
| Substantia nigra affects LMNs through its connections with __________. | Motor nucleus with reciprocal connections with neostratum and paleostriatum |
| Disorders of basal nuclei usually fall into one of two categories. Name them | Dyskinesia and hypotonia OR Hypokinesia and hypertonia |
| Choreiform movements would suggest a lesion in the _______. What other abnormality would likely accompany the chorea? | Basal nuclei Ballism, athetosis, abnormal speech |
| [2] Consider the purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Their dendrites synapse with axons of the ______ cells and their axons synapse with _________ where they have an _______ influence. | Climbing Deep nucleus Inhibitory |
| [2] By which descending motor tract does the vestibulocerebellum affect extraocular nuclei? | Medial longitudinal fasciculus |
| [4] Name the functional lobe(s) of the cerebellum described. Influences fine motor control A.Vestibulocerebellum B.Spinocerebellum C.Pontocerebllum | pontocerebellum |
| [2] Name the functional lobe(s) of the cerebellum described. Incudes the interposed nuclei globose/emboliform nuclei A.Vestibulocerebellum B.Spinocerebellum C.Pontocerebllum | spinocerebellum |
| Name the functional lobe(s) of the cerebellum described. Receive climbing fibers A.Vestibulocerebellum B.Spinocerebellum C.Pontocerebllum | Pontocerebellum |
| Name the functional lobe(s) of the cerebellum described. Projects to vestibular nuclei A.Vestibulocerebellum B.Spinocerebellum C.Pontocerebllum | Vestibulocerebellum and spinocerebellum |
| [2] Name the functional lobe(s) of the cerebellum described. Affects LMNs through rubrospinal and corticospinal tracts A.Vestibulocerebellum B.Spinocerebellum C.Pontocerebllum | spinocerebellum or ponto??? |
| Name the functional lobe(s) of the cerebellum described. Integrates sensory and vestibular info to influence muscle tone and coordination. A.Vestibulocerebellum B.Spinocerebellum C.Pontocerebellum | spinocerebellum? |
| Name the functional lobe(s) of the cerebellum described. receives afferents from the mesencephalic nucleus A.Vestibulocerebellum B.Spinocerebellum C.Pontocerebllum | spinocerebellum |
| [2] Name the functional lobe(s) of the cerebellum described. result of lesion -> speech impairments (phonation/articulation) A.Vestibulocerebellum B.Spinocerebellum C.Pontocerebllum | pontocerebellum |
| In the basic auditory pathway, right dorsal cochlear nucleus projects to _______. | R/L inferior colliculi |
| In the basic auditory pathway, the right anterior cochlear nucleus projects to the ________. The ascending fibers form the _________. | R/L inferior colliculi R/L lateral lemniscus |
| In the basic auditory pathway, the right medial geniculate receives afferents from the ________. | Right inferior colliculus |
| In the basic auditory pathway, the right lateral lemniscus carries fibers from the _____ nuclei | R/L dorsal and ventral cochlear |
| What is basis of organization in areas 41 and 42 of cerebral cortex? | Tonotopic organization |
| [3] Deafness in the right ear most likely results from a lesion located? | R vestibulocochlear nerve (Ossicles, organ of corti, cochlear) |
| [2] Receptive aphasia is likely to result from a lesion in area ________ on the ____ side | 22, Left (also left cerebral artery) |
| Which retinal fields project to the left lateral geniculate? Darken in the appropriate areas on the diagram. | Left side of both circles |
| [4] Information from the maculae is represented on the ______ portion of the lateral geniculate and the ________ portion of area 17 | Posterior Posterior |
| What visual deficits would likely result from interruption of the left parietal geniculocalacrine fibers? Darken the blind visual fields. | Lower right quad of both left and right eye |
| What is important about the lamellae of the outer segments of photoreceptor cells? | Contain rhadopsin/hyperpolarize |
| Bipolar neurons of the retina receive information from the ____ and project to the _____ | Rods and cones Ganglion cells |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receives fibers whose nerve cell bodies are located in the geniculate ggl | Nucleus solitarious Rostral |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Receieves afferents from carotid body and carotid sinus | Nucleus ambiguous |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Causes pupillary constriction | Edinger Westphal nucleus |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Motor to submandibular/sublingual salivatory glands | Superior salivatory/Lacrimal |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Motor to the LEFT levator palpebrae superioris | L, R oculomotor |
| Name the cranial nerve nuclei described. Parasympathetic to the sphincter pupillae | Edinger Westphal |
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