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P.H.W.Ch5.Sec1
Philosophy in the Age of Reason
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Natural law | Rules discoverable by reason |
Thomas Hobbes | a 17th century thinker. What Leviathan and argued that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. |
Social Contract | Idea by Hobbes that people give up their freedom for an organized society |
Natural rights | rights that belong to all humans from birth |
John Locke | a 17th century thinker who wrote Two Treatises of Government. Argued that people formed governments to protect their natural rights. |
Philosophes | Enlightenment thinkers in the 1700s |
Montesquieu | An early and influential thinker who studied the governments of Europe. Criticized absolute monarchy. Also published The Sprit of the Laws. |
Voltaire | one of the most famous philosophes who targeted corrupt officials and offended the government and the Catholic church |
Diderot | produced a 28-volume set of books called the encyclopedia. He wanted to change the general way of thinking. The encyclopedia was "banned" but more than 4000 copies were sold. |
Rousseau | Wrote The Social Contract where he promoted that society placed too many limitations on people's behavior. People are good in their natural state. |