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Heroin
Tox Test 4
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is heroin? | A semi-synthetic opiate synthesized from morphine |
What are the routes of administration for heroin? | Mainly IV Snorting Smoking Subcutaneous (skin popping) |
What are the metabolites of heroin? | 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and morphine |
What is the half life of heroin? | 2-6 minutes |
What are the metabolites of morphine? | morphine-3-glucoronide (M3G) morphine-6-glucoronide (M6G) |
Describe the distribution of 6-MAM. | 6-MAM is more lipid soluble than morphine and corsses teh blod-brain barrier more readily. |
How is morphine eliminated? | 90% is eliminated in the urine in 72 hours. |
What is the mechanism of action for heroin? | Heroin metabolites affect CNS through mu, kappa, and delta opiate receptors. |
What are the effects of heroin? | analgesia, respiratory depression, euphoria, sedation, delusions, hallucinations, decreased gastrointestinal activity |
What are the short term effects of heroin? | euphoria, alternately alert/drowsy state, dry mouth, warm skin, slowed breathing, muscular weakness |
What are the long term effects of heroin? | addiction, tolerance, dependence, collapsed veins, heart lining/valve infection, pneumonia, decreased liver function, abcesses |
Why could the incidences of heroin use be increasing? | higher purity product available, cheaper than prescription drugs, other drugs can't be taken by IV, use at younger age |