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World Studies Unit 3
Unit 3 - Vocabulary list
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fall of Rome | The collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century due to attacks by barbarian tribes, poor leaders, inflation, rise of the Catholic Church, and many other factors |
| Middle Ages | The period between the end of the classical age and the Renaissance during the 400’s to about 1500 AD |
| Nobility | A class of persons distinguished by high birth or rank |
| Knight | a military servant of a king or other feudal superior who owes his service of protection |
| Franks | One of the Germanic tribes that eventually settled in what in Gaul (France) |
| Medieval | Of the Middle Ages |
| Lord | a powerful noble who owned a large amount of land |
| Chivalry | The code of conduct of a knight |
| Charlemagne | The son of Pepin, who became the greatest Frankish king and was crown the Holy Roman Emperor |
| Feudalism | The political organization of the Middle Ages where a Lord granted land to a vassal who promised him protection |
| Vassal | The person receiving a grant of land from a lord |
| Primogeniture | The system of inheritance from father to the oldest son |
| Vikings | Scandinavian invaders of western Europe during the 800s and 900s who were feared for their raids |
| Manor System/ Manorialism | The economic system of the Middle Ages that was centered around large farming estates that included manor houses, farming lands, woodlands, pastures, and villages |
| Serf | A peasant that was tied to the land |
| Fief | A grant of land from the Lord to the vasssal |
| Christianity | The religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. |
| Interdict | The Catholic Church’s punishment of a region involving closing churches and withholding sacraments |
| Clergy | Officials of the Catholic Church (Pope, Cardinal, Archbishop, Bishop, Priest) |
| Monasticism | The way of life in convents and monasteries |
| Heretic | People who disagreed with Church doctrines. |
| Excommunication | Being banned from the Church because of acts of heresy |
| Eleanor of Acquitaine | Wife of Henry II of England who brought French lands to the marriage |
| William the Conqueror | Ruled England from 1066-1087 and required each feudal lord to swear personal loyalty to him |
| Parliament | The representative body of nobles who had to agree to taxes imposed by the king |
| Magna Carta | A document protecting the liberties of the nobles that was forced upon King John in 1215. |
| Common law | The body of laws in England that grew out of the court decisions |
| Crusades | Military expeditions undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims |
| Muslim | a follower of the religion of Islam |
| Mosque | building of worship for members of the Islamic faith, characterized by pointed arches |
| Saladin | A Muslim leader who took control of Jerusalem in the Third Crusade |
| Allah The Muslim name for God | The Muslim name for God |
| Jerusalem | A holy city for Christians, Jews, and Muslims |
| Pope Urban II | He called the First Crusade to recapture the holy land from the Seljuk Turks |
| Muhammad | The Arab prophet and founder of Islam who received a series of revelations from Allah (God) |
| Trade | The exchange of goods which began with the Crusades and continued between Asia and Italy and then Northern Europe, resulted in the growth of markets, banking, and investment – a market economy |
| Black Death / Bubonic Plague | A deadly plague carried from China along sea and land trade routes on black rats and the disease was spread through the bites of fleas |
| Middle Class | The newly formed group of people made up of merchants and master workers who looked to kings for stable trade |
| Guilds | Workers of a common craft or trade who came together to set rules for wages, hours, and working conditions |
| Vernacular | languages of the local country or people (ex. people speak Italian in Italy) |
| Gothic | A style of architecture that is characterized by high pointed arches, large interiors, tall walls supported by flying buttress, and large stained glass windows |
| Romanesque | The style of architecture used in W and S Europe from the 9th to the 12th century, characterized by the rounded arches, thick walls, and small windows |
| Scholasticism | The system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on faith and reason |
| Flying Buttresses | Supports for walls of cathedrals in the Gothic style of architecture allowing the walls to be thinner and higher and contain large stained-glass windows |
| War of the Roses | A fight for England’s throne between the Lancaster and York families. The House of Lancaster won the war and Henry Tudor took the throne, but married a daughter from the House of York. |
| Hundred Years’ War | A fight over France that began when Edward III of England claimed the French and brought his army to Flanders. The war ended with England losing most of France except Calais. |
| Joan of Arc | A young French girls who helped Charles VII claim the throne of France during the Hundred Years’ War |
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