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science vocab 2
chapter 2 science vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
alkali metals | lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. |
alkaline earth metals | beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. |
atomic mass | expressed in atomic mass units. It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom. |
atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
Bohr model | positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus |
chemical symbol | A chemical symbol is a code for a chemical element. It is usually derived from the name of the element, often in Latin. |
electron shell | an orbit of electrons around an atom's nucleus. |
halogens | fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. |
metal | a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity. |
metalloid | properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals. They are electrical semiconductors. |
multiple ion charge | for some transition metals and some non-metals, they can have more than one charge. |
noble gases | helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, |
non-metal | do not exhibit metallic properties, generally located in the upper righthand corner of the Periodic Table. |
valence electron | mostly can only be in the outermost electron shell. In a transition metal, a valence electron can also be in an inner shell. |
valence shell | can only be the outermost electron shell. In a transition metal, a valence shell can also be an inner shell. |