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Weather Unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | : a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. |
| Nitrogen | The most abundant gas in our atmosphere |
| Carbon dioxide | A greenhouse gas that has dramatically increased in our atmosphere |
| Troposphere | The first layer of the atmosphere, we live here, almost all weather occurs here. |
| Stratosphere: | The second layer of the atmosphere, most airplanes fly in this layer. |
| Mesosphere | : The third layer of the atmosphere, it is the coldest layer. |
| Thermosphere | The fourth layer of the atmosphere, the aurora borealis occurs here. |
| Exosphere | The outer edge of Earth’s atmosphere, atoms and molecules escape into space here. |
| Water cycle | The continuous movement of water from the land, to the atmosphere, and back to land again. |
| Evaporation | Occurs when liquid changes into water vapor |
| Precipitation | Occurs when rain, snow, sleet, or hail falls from the clouds onto Earth’s surface. |
| Condensation | Occurs when water vapor cools and changes from a gas to a liquid. Clouds form by this process. |
| Transpiration | The process where plants lose water |
| Runoff | is water, usually from precipitation, that flows across land and collects in rivers, streams, and eventually the ocean. |
| Thermal Conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material. |
| Convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas. |
| Cumulus clouds | Puffy, white clouds that tend to have flat bottoms. They form when warm air rises. |
| Stratus clouds | clouds that form in layers, they typically cover a large portion of the sky. They are often associated with precipitation |
| Cirrus | : thin, feathery, white clouds that are found at high altitudes |
| Nimbus: | clouds that have precipitation falling out of them. |
| Cumulonimbus | a thick puffy cloud that has precipitation falling out of it. |
| Cloud | a collection of small water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air, which forms when the air is cooled and condensation occurs. |
| Greenhouse effect | the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy. |
| Global warming | a gradual increase in average global temperature |
| Weather | The condition of the atmosphere at a particular place, over a short period of time. |
| Climate | The average weather conditions in: an area over a long period of time. |
| Relative humidity | : The amount of water vapor in the air compared with the maximum amount of water vapor air can hold at a certain temperature. |
| Acid rain | rain that contains a high concentration of acids. |
| Jet stream: | a narrow belt of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere |
| Doldrums | : the ocean belt near the equator, characterized by calms and light, variable winds, or the characteristic weather of this region. |
| Westerlies: | prevailing winds that blow from west to east between 30 – 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres |
| Trade winds | prevailing winds that blow from east to west from 30 – 60 latitude to the equator in both hemispheres |
| Coriolis effect | : the apparent curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to the Earth’s rotation |
| Air mass | A large body of air where temperature and moisture are constant throughout |
| Wind | The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure |
| Front | the boundary of air masses of different densities and usually different temperatures. |
| Cold front | the advancing edge of a mass of cold dense air as it displaces warmer air |
| Warm front | the advancing edge of a mass of warm air that rises over colder air, usu. causing steady precipitation. |
| Stationary front | When a warm or cold front stops moving |
| Lightning | : an electric discharge that takes place between two oppositely charged surfaces, such as between a cloud and the ground, between two clouds, or between two parts of the same cloud. |
| Tornado | a destructive, rotating column of air that has very high wind speeds, is visible as a funnel-shaped cloud, and touches the ground |
| Hurricane | : A severe storm that develops over tropical oceans whose strong winds of more than 120 km/h spiral in toward the intensely low pressure storm center |
| Barometer | an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure |
| Anemometer | : an instrument used to measure wind speed |
Created by:
Wattsr
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