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BISAPW Unit 2

Baku International School AP World History 2014-15 Unit 2

Question	Answer
Chandra Gupta II	was the ruler right after Samudra	he continued the work of Samudra and had similar plans	375-415 CE	India	2	9/212	Lydia
Kanishka	most powerful of the Kushan emperors	under his rule; the Kushan empire expanded to Pakistan; Afghanistan; and northern India	78-103 CE	India	2	9/212	Lydia
Vardhamana Mahavira	teacher of Jainism	was the main reason for the spread and the popularity of Jainism	late 6th century BCE	India	2	9/	Lydia
Siddharta Gautama	a man who seeked enlightenment and later became Buddha	he spread the idea of Buddhism	563 BCE	India	2	9/	Lydia
Confucius	Chinese thinker that taught principles of ren; li; xiao; and created Confucianism	influenced Chinese society and education system of Han dynasty	551-479 BCE	Lu; Northern China	2	8/182-185	Canfer
Mecius	learned man that places importance on virtue of ren and acted as adviser	passed around Confucian thought to important people	379-289 BCE	China	2	8/185	Canfer
Xunzi	man that emphasized li and advocated having strict standards and harsh punishments	promoted a rougher and more pessimistic side of Confucianism that might have made people that thought Mecius was too optimistic change their minds	298-238 BCE	China	2	8/185-186	Canfer
Laozi	a sage that created Daoism	created a whole new philosophy that many people accepted into their lives	600-501 BCE	China	2	8/186	Canfer
Zhuangzi	author of Zhuangi; that provided good reasons for Daoist views	Made the daoist philosophy more popular and believable	369-286 BCE	China	2	8/186	Canfer
Shang Yang	chief minister that wrote The Book of Lord Shang; one of the most important legalist doctrines	important contributor to the Legalist philosophy; that would restore unified China	390-338 BCE	China	2	8/188	Canfer
Ban Zhao	woman that wrote Admonitions for Women	emphasized how obedient and submissive women had to act in Chinese society	45-116 CE	Han Dynasty; China	2	8/197	Canfer
Han Feizi	synthesized legalist ideas into well-argued essays	defended Legalist thought and created one of first doctrines	280-233 BCE	China	2	8/189	Canfer
Qin Shihuangdi	creator of Qin empire; first Legalist ruler	created a unified and stable China	260-210 BCE	China	2	8/190-193	Canfer
Liu Bang	emperor of the new Han dynasty	lead way for one of the most influential chinese dynasties and centralized china	256-195 BCE	Jiangsu; China	2	8/193-194	Canfer
Han Wudi	emperor of Hans that ruled w/ administrative centralization and tried to expand his empire	created Confucian education system and expanded empire to vietnam and korea	156-87 BCE	Chang'an; China	2	8/195-197	Canfer
Maodun	ruler of Xiongnu; who were nomadic peopple from Central Asia	trained tough soldiers and made his clan powerful	234-174 BCE	Mongolia	2	8/196	Canfer
Wang Mang	man that served as regent for 2 year old boy; then took over	"created a split in han dynasty and tried to impose ""socialist"" ways of splitting up land; split weakened future Han empire"	45 BCE- 23 CE	China	2	8/200-201	Canfer
Luoyang	throughout later Hand the capital was moved there	cosmopolitan city important through chinese history	25-220 C.E	China	2	8/194	Giorgia Monsi
Chang'an	"""costant peace"" city in xin dynasty"		25-220 C.E	China	2	8/194 and 201	Giorgia Monsi
Huang He River	Yellow River; 3rd longest river in asia	important water source and transportation	500 B.C.E- 500 C.E	China	2	8/190	GIorgia Monsi
Chang Jian River	Yangtze river; longest river in asia	provided transport and water supply	500 B.C.E- 500 C.E	China	2	8/190	GIorgia Monsi
Han Empire	imperial dynasty in China	built centrralized bureaucracy; unified empire;	206 B.C.E- 220 C.E	China	2	8/193-203	Giorgia Monsi
Xiongnu Confederation	nomadic people; speaking turkish; around mongolia	threatened han; han took over	210- 174 B.C.E	China	2	8/194- 197	Giorgia Monsi
Gobi Desert	largest desert n Asia north of China	isolated and protected China	500 B.C.E- 500 C.E	North of China	2	8/190	Giorgia Monsi
Korea	part of Xiognu Confedertation	was later taken over	210- 174 B.C.E	north east of China	2	8/196	Giorgia Monsi
Confucianism	ethical and philosophical system created by Confucius	was taught and used in Zhou Dynasty	551 B.C.E- onwards	China	2	8/182-184	Giorgia Monsi
Junzi	Superior individuals	these people were educated and conscienetious who were fair in the government	551 B.C.E- 484 B.C.E	CHina	2	8/183	Giorgia Monsi
Ren	attitude of kindness and benevolence	one of the important confucian values	fifth century B.C.E	China	2	ch. 8/ pg. 184	Giorgia Monsi
Li	sense of propriety	one of the important confucian values	fifth century B.C.E	China	2	ch. 8/ pg.185	GIorgia Monsi
Xiao	family in chinese society	one of the important confucian values	fifth century B.C.E	China	2	ch. 8/ pg. 185	Giorgia Monsi
Dao	the way of nature	philosophical concept widely used by many; taught how to live in harmony		China	2	8/186	Giorgia Monsi
Admonitions for Women	humility;obedience; and devotion to husbants	taught women the appropriate virtues	206 B.C.E- 9 C.E	China	2	8/197	GIorgia Monsi
Daoism	Philosophical; ethical; and religious traditions; emphazises living in harmony with dao	big influence on China	6th century	CHina	2	8/186-187	GIorgia Monsi
Legalism	categorization of any writings; philosophical ways	strenghtened and expanded	280-233 B.C.E	CHina	2	8/188-189	GIorgia Monsi
Wuwei	the doctrine of one to live simply and in harmony with nature	Daoists recognized Wuwei as the chief of moral virtue	sixth century B.C.E	China	2	ch.8/ pg. 186	GIorgia Monsi
Classic of Filial Piety	taught children to obey and honor parents	importance of filiar piety; respect	han dynasty	China	2	8/ 197	Giorgia Monsi
Xiongnu	nomadic people; speaking turkish; around mongolia	threatened han; han took over	210- 174 B.C.E	China	2	8/194- 197	Giorgia Monsi
Sericulture	silk farming	thrived in long distance trade relations with western places	fourth millenium B.C.E	China	2	8/198	Giorgia Monsi
Achaemenid	First great Persian Empire	Demonstrated how it was possible to build and maintain a vast imperial state; inspired later efforts to establish similar large-scale imperial states based in Persia and other Eurasian lands as well	558-330 B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/160-166	Sevil A.
Seleucid	Persian Empire founded by Seleucus	Integrated much of the territory from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus River into a commonwealth in which peoples of different regions and ethnic groups participated in a larger economy and society	323-83 B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/166	Sevil A.
Parthian	Persian Dynasty that reached its peak under Mithradates I	Devised an effective means to resist nomadic invasions; restored Persian traditions	247 B.C.E.-224 C.E.	Persia	2	7/166-167	Sevil A.
Sasanid	Persian Dynasty that would reach its peak under Shapur I and later fall to Arabic expansion	Toppled the Parthians; introduced the cultivation of crops such as rice; sugarcane; citrus fruits; eggplant; and cottom	224-651 C.E.	Persia	2	7/167-168	Sevil A.
Satrapy	Administrative and taxasion districts governed by satraps	Made it easier to govern the whole territory	521 B.C.E.-651 C.E.	Persia	2	7/163	Sevil A.
Zoroastrianism	Persian religion based on the teaching of prophet Zarathustra	Reflected the cosmopolitan society of the empires; and it profoundly influenced the beliefs and values of Islam; Judaism; and Christianity	Started sometime between late 7th- early 6th centuries B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/173-176	Sevil A.
Ahura Mazda	Main god of Zoroastrianism who represented truth and goodness	Taught people honesty; and other good traits		Persia	2	7/174	Sevil A.
Angra Mainyu	An evil and malign spirit	Engaged in a cosmic conflict with Ahura Mazda		Persia	2	7/174	Sevil A.
Avesta	Book that contains the holy writings of Zoroastrianism	Shows teachings of Zarathustra		Persia	2	7/174	Sevil A.
Gathas	Zoroastrian hymns believed to be compositions by Zarathustra	Shows teachings of Zarathustra		Persia	2	7/173-174	Sevil A.
Cyrus	First Achaemenid Emperor	Launched the Persians' imperial venture	558-530 B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/161-162	Sevil A.
Cambyses	Cyrus's successor	Conquered Egypt and brought its wealth into Persia	530-522 B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/162	Sevil A.
Darius	Greatest Achaemenid Emperor	Extended the empire both east and west	521-486 B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/162-164	Sevil A.
Xerxes	Darius's successor	Tried to impose his values on conquered lands which caused enormous ill will	486-465 B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/164-165	Sevil A.
Alexander of Macedon		Invaded Persia; sliced through the Persian Empire	In 334 B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/166	Sevil A.
Mithradates I	Parthians' greatest conqueror	Transformed his state into a might empire; extended Parthian rule to Mesopotamia	171-155 B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/167	Sevil A.
Shapur I	Sasanid Emperor	Stabilized the western frontier and created a series of buffer states between themselves and the Roman empire	239-272 C.E.	Persia	2	7/168	Sevil A.
Zarathustra	A priest who became disenchanted with the traditional religion	Created Zoroastrianism	Late 7th- early 6th centuries B.C.E.	Persia	2	7/173	Sevil A.
Arthashastra	Kautalya's detailed polital guide on how to use power and correctly govern Chandragupta's land.	Enabled a codified bureaucratic system trought the state	300 BCE	India	2	9/209	Grace Gillis
Ahimsa	Jainistic principle of non-violence to other living things or their souls	Jainism's strict obedience to this made it an impractical religion; also present in many later religions	500 BCE	India	2	9/218	Grace Gillis
Brahmins	Priests; the highest caste	This caste promoted social order	Early centuries CE	India	2	9/215	Grace Gillis
Kshatriyas	Warriors and aristocrats	These castes maintained social order in India	Early centuries CE	India	2	9/215	Grace Gillis
Vaishyas	Peasants and merchants	These castes maintained social order in India	Early centuries CE	India	2	9/215	Grace Gillis
Shudras	Serfs	These castes maintained social order in India	Early centuries CE	India	2	9/215	Grace Gillis
Jati	Tight-knit subcastes of people with similar occupations	Did similar jobs that a central government would; for example local affairs and outcasting; maintained social order	Early centuries CE	India	2	9/215	Grace Gillis
Jainism	Religion made popular by Vardhamana Mahavira with roots in the Upanishads; had demanding; impractical ethics	Popular in lower castes since Jains didn't believe in social distinctions	400 BCE	India	2	9/218	Grace Gillis
Kushan	Nomadic conquers who ruled in northern India and Central Asia; conquered by Guptas	Played an impotant role in the silk roads	1-300 CE	India	2	9/212	Grace Gillis
Buddhism	Followers of the Buddha; they attampt or reach nirvana by following the dharma.	Became popular in lower castes; gained Ashoka's support	Beginning in 528 BCE	India	2	9/220	Grace Gillis
Buddha	Siddhartha Gautama; who became enlightened when he rejected worldly pleasures and led an ascetic life.	He was the creator of Buddhism; which greatly affected their culture and social organization	563-483 BCE	India	2	9/220	Grace Gillis
Mahabharata	Dialogue between Arjun (a warrior) and Krishna (incarnation of Vishnu)	This epic revealed Hindu values; inspired unquestioning devotion to Hinduism	Early centuries CE	India	2	9/225	Grace Gillis
Ramayana	Love and adventure story adapted to support Hinduism	This epic revealed Hindu values	Early centuries CE	India	2	9/225	Grace Gillis
Bhagavad Gita	A short poetic work	Illustrates Hindu expectations on individuals and promise of salvation	300 BCE-400 CE	India	2	9/225	Grace Gillis
Artha	Economic prosperity; one of the Hindu aims for human life that could lead you to Moksha	Principles like this made HInduism a popular religion	300 BCE-400 CE	India	2	9/226	Grace Gillis
Karma	Buddhist priciples that you actions will affect your future	Encouraged people to act responsibly	500 BCE	India	2	9/	Grace Gillis
Persia	Large empire that stretches from the Indus river to Anatolia and Egypt. It consisted of four sub-empires: Achaemenid; Seleucid; Parthian; and Sasanid.	ruled for over a millenium and set a base for much of the trade and interaction throughout southwest Asia	558 BCE - 651 CE	Persia	2	7/160	Lydia
Media	Medes people along with the Persians were Indo-European speaking people who migrated to Persia from the steppes in central Asia	they were organized people into clans with leaders and spread language and agricultural techniques	1000 BCE	Persia	2	7/160	Lydia
Lydia	prosperous kingdom in southwestern Anatolia	the taking over of Lydia was a turning point for the development of the Persian Empire	6th century BCE	Persia	2	7/159	Lydia
Macedonia	modern-day region of the Greek peninsula	Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) came from here with his troops to take over Persia	808-168 BCE	Persia	2	7/166	Lydia
Anatolia	modern-day Turkey	Lydia which was very wealthy and successful was located in Anatolia	I dont know when this existed	Persia	2	7/160	Lydia
Ionia	region off the coast of Anatolia; closest to Izmir	became part of Persia and was a connection with other Greek islands	7th - 6th centuries BCE	Persia	2	7	Lydia
Ctesiphon	imperial capital of the Persian Empire	was at one point the largest city in the world	1st century BCE	Persia	2	7	Lydia
Persepolis	capital of the Persian Empire	Darius intended for this city to be a monument and an imperial center	520 BCE	Persia	2	7/162	Lydia
Pasargadae	Persepolis was located close to this area		500 BCE	Persia	2	7/162	Lydia
Seleucus	chief of Alexander's army who took over after Alex died	began the Seleucid Empire and adopted much of the Achaemenid traditions	305-281 BCE	Persia	2	7/166	Lydia
Marathon	region in Greece	Battle of Marathon took place here	490 BCE	Persia	2	7	Lydia
Guagamela	region near Mosul; Iraq	one of Alexander's wars were here	331 BCE	Persia	2	7	Lydia
Parthia	southeast of the Caspian Sea	Parthian Empire of Persia	247 BCE - 224 CE	Persia	2	7/167	Lydia
Bactria	region on the Indus River to the Arabian Sea	Parthian Empire of Persia	247 BCE - 224 CE	Persia	2	7/168	Lydia
Gandhara	region in modern Pakistan	was under Persian control during the Achaemenid Empire	326 BCE	Persia	2	7	Lydia
Persian Wars	a series of wars between the Achaemenid empire and Ionian Greeks; who received help from mainland Greece	the conflict between the two powers caused the weakening of many cities and disturbed trade and commerce	500-479 BCE	Anatolia; Ionia; Athens	2	10/239-240	Canfer
Peloponnesian War	bitter civil war between Athens and Sparta and the poleis supporting them	caused the weakening of the poleis; which lead to the power of Macedon	431-404 BCE	Greece	2	10/240	Canfer
Marathon	city in Attica; Greece	where the Battle of Marathon was held; in which heavily outnumbered athenians defeated the persians	490 BCE	Marathon	2	10/	Canfer
Salamis	city very close to Athens	where the Greeks defeated Persian navy in second attack	480 BCE	Salamis	2	10/240	Canfer
Antigonid Empire	one of the three Hellenistic empires; covers Macedon and much of the Greek peninsula	trade flourished in Greek city states during this time and some conflicts arose	306-168 BCE	Modern-day Greece; Macedonia	2	10/244	Canfer
Ptolemaic Empire	Hellenistic empire in Egypt; covering the North portion of the NIle Valley	grew rich because of their monopolies on industries and monitored crop growth and taxes without interfering with culture	305-30 BCE	Egypt	2	10/244	Canfer
Seleucid Empire	Hellenistic empire taking up space similar to Achaemenid empire - much of Bactria; Mesopotamia; west of Anatolia	caused the migration of Greeks to these zones; improved trade; and created urbanized western society here	312-63 BCE	Mesopotamia; Bactria; Anatolia	2	10/245	Canfer
Epicureans	a philosophy created by Epicurus that thought internate tranquility was the greatest good	helped individuals cope with stresses of Hellenistic empire	founded in 307 BCE	Greece	2	10/254	Canfer
Skeptics	philosophy that didn't take positions in moral; political; and social issues because they didn't think certain knowledge existed	allowed people stop worrying about fights and helped them seek peace	360 BCE-ish (Pyrrho)	Greece	2	10/254	Canfer
Stoics	philosophy that taught ppl to help others and that that was how you escaped pressures	created a strong moral fiber within Greek society	3rd century BCE	Greece	2	10/254	Canfer
Demeter	the goddess of grain in Greek mythology	allowed women to take part in activity; as they were not allowed to take part in politics; etc	N/E	Greece	2	10/253	Canfer
Dionysus	the god of wine	created great sense of communitya nd inspired Greece's culture of tragic/comedic drama	N/E	Greece	2	10/253-254	Canfer
Zeus	grandson of the Earth and Sky gods; main god	was most important god; people were scared of his temper; and also managed other gods	N/E	Greece	2	10/253	Canfer
Apollo	promoted wisdom and justice	sparked philosophical thought	N/E	Greece	2	10/253	Canfer
Socrates	an Athenian man who wished to understand human affairs	"""creator"" of philosophical thought in Greece; inspired thoughts that honest living was better than other kinds of living"	470-399 BCE	Athens; Greece	2	10/250	Canfer
Plato	disciple of Socrates that used some of his beliefs to create his own	created Forms or Ideas; which said our world was an imperfect copy of another one	430-347 BCE	Athens; Greece	2	10//250-252	Canfer
Aristotle	disciple of Plato that believed he could uncover the world by using his senses	revised logical appeals to philosophy; such as syllogism; made people believe it more	384-322 BCE	Macedonia; then Greece	2	10/252	Canfer
Philip of Macedon	king of Macedon that conquered much further than Greece	used strong army and took advantage of Pelopennesian wars to take over Greece	359-336 BCE	Macedon	2	10/241	Canfer
Alexander of Macedon	son of Philip of Macedon; his successor	expanded his empire to Ionia; Anatolia;Syria; Egypt; Mesopotamia; Persia; and India		Macedon	2	10/241-242	Canfer
Solon	aristocrat that mediated between poor and rich	forged compromise - aristocrats could keep lands; but debts cancelled and debt slavery outlawed; representation for coomon people	638-558 BCE	Greece	2	10/237	Canfer
Pericles	statesman of Athens with huge influence	under his rule; Athens became sophisticated poleis flourishing w/ communities; because of him opening up job opportunities			2	10/237	Canfer
Seleucus	creator of the Seleucid empire	set up an empire that brought Greek culture and trade all the way to Bactria	358-281 BCE	Macedonia; Seleucid Empire	2	10/246	Canfer
Sappho	female poet that composed 9 volumes of prose	reflected Greek thought and positions of women in society	600 BCE	Greece	2	10/248	Canfer
Arrian	served in armies and composed texts of military history	his works on Alexander tell us a lot about him nowadays	150 CE	Greece	2	10/243	Canfer
Antigonus	former satrap; established Antigonid empire	his empire's trade flourished under his rule; and also caused migrations to Seleucid	reign = 306-301 BCE	Greece/Macedon	2	10/245	Canfer
Ptolemy	creator of the Ptolemaic empire	his empire became the wealthiest due to crops; monopolies; and tax; and Alexandria became buzzing trade hub	reign = 305-283 BCE	Egypt	2	10/244	Canfer
Aeschylus	first of three tragedy-play writers	explored possibilities and limitations to human action and inspired philosophical thought/worship	525-456 BCE	Greece	2	10/254	Canfer
Sophocles	one of the most prominent three tragedy-play writers in Athens	affected drama development (ie: addition of third actor) and worked with audience interpretation		Greece	2	10/255	Canfer
Euripides	another one of the tragedy-play writers	included women and themes of mythology in his plays	484-406 BCE	Greece	2	10/256	Canfer
Aristophanes	a comic dramatist in Athens	dealt with issues of humanity and behaviour; made fun of political ppl; which could influence public	446-486 BCE	Greece	2	10/257	Canfer
Plebeians	Commoners	By threatening to leave; they were eventually represented politically by tribunes	Around 500 BCE	Rome	2	11/262	Grace G
Patricians	Heriditary aristocrats and wealthy classes	Dominated politics by comprising the majority of the Senate	Around 500 BCE	Rome	2	11/262	Grace G
Pax Romana	Long peroid of peace throughout the Roman empire under Augustus's rule	Facilitated trade; communication; and political integration	Beginning around 200 BCE	Rome	2	11/268	Grace G
Consul	One of two leaders elected by mostly patricians to control military and civil power for a one-year term	Use of consuls was a major step towards democracy; limited the number of rebellions	Beginning in 509 BCE	Rome	2	11/262	Grace G
Tribune	Representatives of the plebians who could intervene and veto unfair actions	Slowly led to greater political participation and representation of all classes	Beginning in 500 BCE	Rome	2	11/262	Grace G
Latifundia	Large plantations whose crops (often grains) were destined for export; produced surpluses	These surpluses promted trade and specialized crops for certain regions	Beginning in 500 BCE	Rome	2	11/272	Grace G
Punic Wars	Three conflicts against Carthage; Rome eventually won; burning Carthage	Increased Rome's wealth; fueling further expansion	264-146 BCE	Rome	2	11/264	Grace G
Stoicism	Greek philosophy involving a universal moral code; Cicero adapted this to Roman life	This philosophy among the wealthy streesed universal codes above local codes	100 BCE	Rome	2	11/277	Grace G
Judaism	Jewish descendants David and Solomon who worshipped their own true God Yahweh	Jews refused to participate in state cults and sometimes pay taxes; this led to rebellions	300 BCE-100 CE	Rome	2	11/280	Grace G
Essenes	New sect of Jews in Palestine looking for freedom from Roman rule	Created a strong community where they could worship freely	100 BCE	Rome/Palestine	2	11/280	Grace G
Mithraism	Worshipped Mithras (originally Zoroastrian but became god of military values in Rome); it was popular in males who valued purposeful moral behavior	Developed sense of community	Early centuries CE	Rome	2	11/278	Grace G
Christianity	Followers of Jesus; believing He is the savior ; became official religion of the Roman empire	Unified Rome and gave an ethical code to live by	Beginning in 1st century CE	Rome	2	11/280	Grace G
Etruscans	Dominated Italy; traded actively; specialized in metallurgy and a large fleet	Influenced Rome's monocratic government; construction; and trade opportunities	Between 800-400 BCE	Rome/Mediterranean	2	11/261	Grace G
Carthaginians	People from the wealthy trade city and port of Carthage in northern Africa	Their dominance made them a threat to Rome	400-200 BCE High point	Rome/Carthage	2	11/264	Grace G
Term	Definition	Importance	Period/Date	Region/Area	Unit	Chapter/Pages	Creator/Editor
Chandragupta Maurya	an adventurer who created the basis to the Mauryan Empire		320s BCE	India	2	9/208-209	Lydia
Kautayla	Chandragupta's advisor	Chandragupta and Kautayla together built a bureaucratic administrative system	4th century BCE	India	2	9/209	Lydia
Ashoka	Chandragupta's grandson	during Ashoka's reign was the highest point in the Mauryan empire	268-232 BCE	India	2	9/210	Lydia
Chandra Gupta	created a powerful kingdom by forging alliances with powerful Ganges people	this was the foundation for a new empire	320 CE	India	2	9/212	Lydia
Samudra Gupta	one of Chandra Gupta's successors	made Magadhan capital of Pataliputra the center of the empire again	335-375 CE	India	2	9/212	Lydia

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