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MICABI - Exam1
Lecture 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List constitutional (non specific) symptoms | Fever ( T >37oC = 98.6oF), Headaches, myalgias, chills, nausea, sweating, mental status changes (confusion), dehydration and delirium in severe cases; Swelling, erythema, tenderness, purulent discharge, sputum production; ↑ WBC (high percentage of neutrop |
| Gram negative cocci (2) | Morexella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis |
| Gram negative bacilli (8) | Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens |
| Gram positive cocci (3) | Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. |
| Gram positive bacilli (2) | Clostridium spp., Listeria monocytogenes |
| Misc/Atypical bacteria | Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydiae spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema pallidum |
| Classification of Morexella catarrhalis | Gram negative cocci |
| Classification of Neisseria meningitidis | Gram negative cocci |
| Classification of Enterococcus spp. | Gram positive cocci |
| Classification of Staphylococcus spp. | Gram positive cocci |
| Classification of Streptococcus spp. | Gram positive cocci |
| Classification of Enterobacter spp. | Gram negative bacillus |
| Classification of Escherichia coli | Gram negative bacillus |
| Classification of Haemophilus influenzae | Gram negative bacillus |
| Classification of Klebsiella pneumoniae | Gram negative bacillus |
| Classification of Legionella spp. | Gram negative bacillus |
| Classificaiton of Proteus mirabilis | Gram negative bacillus |
| Classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Gram negative bacillus |
| Classification of Serratia marcescens | Gram negative bacillus |
| Viruses | Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, hepatitis, influenzae, GI viruses, mumps, measles, rubella, small pox |
| Fungi | Candida spp, Cryptococuss spp., Histoplasma spp, blastomyces spp, Aspergillus's spp, dermatophytes, Pneumocystis jeroveci |
| Parasites | Toxoplasmosis, Giardia spp, Entomoeba spp, Trichomoniasis |
| Severe Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) | ≥ 2 or more: T >38 C, HR >90 bpm, RR >20 or PCO2 <32mm Hg, WBC >12K or >10% bands |
| Sepsis | SIRS with identified infection |
| Severe Sepsis | Hypoperfusion (lactic acidosis, renal failure, mental status changes); Hypotension |
| Septic shock | Severe sepsis with hypotension unresponsive to fluids, systolic BP <90 mm Hg |
| Classification of Clostridium spp. | Gram positive bacillus |
| Classification of Listeria monocytogenes | Gram positive bacillus |
| Βeta-lactams include these four subclasses | Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams, Carbapenems |
| Penicillins - spectrum | Mostly Gram-positive, but newer agents are more broad spectrum |
| Cephalosporins - 1st generation spectrum | mostly gram positive |
| Cephalosporins - 2nd generation spectrum | gram positive, some resistant gram negative, and anaerobes |
| Cephalosporins - 3rd and 4th generation spectrum | broader spectrum |
| Monobactams | Broad spectrums with anaerobes |
| Carbapenems | Broad spectrums with anaerobes |
| Aminoglycosides | Gram negative |
| Fluoroquinolones | Broad spectrum with atypicals coverage |
| Macrolides | Mostly gram positive, Selective Gram negative, Atypical coverage |
| Tetracycline | Broad spectrum with anaerobes |
Created by:
Krafty
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