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Unit 2
APUSH
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| vice-royalties | subdivisions of Spanish empire in Americas; further divided into audencias |
| encomienda system | Spanish labor system in which landlord was permitted to exploit labor of Indians of his encomienda; led to abuse/killing off of Indians and switch to African slaves |
| Northwest Passage | a northwest route through Americas to Asia |
| Samuel de Champlain | made 11 voyages to Americas for France; established Quebec in 1608 on St. Lawrence River |
| Henry Hudson | Englishman who explored present-day NYC area in 1609 for the Dutch (Hudson River) |
| New Amsterdam | Dutch colony on Manhattan Island founded in 1626; later became New York when British took over |
| Virginia Company | English joint stock company chartered to colonize North America between 34th and 45th parallels |
| House of Burgesses | 1st legislative body in the colonies (Virginia) |
| Head-right system | system in which colonists received 50 acres of land for each person whose passage to Virginia he financed |
| Maryland | sole proprietorship colony founded as a refuge for persecuted English Catholics |
| Virginia | joint stock colony founded both as a source of profit and (to a lesser extent) as place for persecuted English Protestants |
| Act of Toleration of 1649 | granted freedom of worship to all Christians in Maryland (but not Jews); example of early religious toleration |
| Chesapeake region | area around Chesapeake Bay, including colonies of Virginia and Maryland |
| Bacon's Rebellion | rebellion in Virginia of backcountry farmers against "tidewater elite" of coastal regions; backcountry farmers wanted more political/economic power and more protection from Indian attacks (1676) |
| Plymouth | New England colony founded by Puritans (Separatists) seeking freedom from religious persecution in England |
| Roger Williams | founded Providence colony (later combined with Portsmouth to form Rhode Island) |
| Anne Hutchinson | founded Portsmouth colony (later combined with Providence to form Rhode Island) |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | 1st constitution in colonies |
| Half-Way Covenant | created to address the problem of too many 2nd generation Puritans drifting away from the church’s influence (secularization of New England society) |
| Restoration colonies | proprietary colonies founded during English Restoration period |
| William Penn | Quaker founder of Pennsylvania who was tolerant of Indians and other faiths (including Jews) |
| James Oglethorpe | proprietor of Georgia colony, which was founded as buffer between English and Spanish (in Florida) and as place to relieve overcrowding of debtor prisons |
| coureurs de bois | French fur traders who often exploited Indians in Americas |
| Jesuits | Catholic missionaries in Americas; often followed French and Spanish settlers |
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debbiecasillo
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