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Unit 1 US History
US History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| City upon a Hill | John Winthrop’s idea that the Puritans in New England should create a society that followed pure biblical teachings, preached charity, and followed their covenant with God |
| Economic Interdependency | idea that each of the colonial regions of America and Britain relied upon each other to get all the products they needed |
| Egalitarian Society | society where all people are pretty much equal to each other |
| Glorious Revolution | gave Parliament power over the King of England after William and Mary took over control of England from King James |
| Great Awakening | revival of religious enthusiasm in the mid 1700’s |
| Hierarchical Society | society made up of several classes where one group has more money and power than the others |
| Indentured Servant | Europeans who agreed to work on a person’s land for 7 years in exchange for that landowner paying for his/her passage to the United States |
| John Locke | influenced the Declaration of Independence by establishing a basis for our natural rights, the idea that government gets its power from the people, and that the government must protect these rights |
| Magna Carta | British document that limited the power of the King establishing no taxation without representation, jury trials, and the idea that no one is above the law |
| Mayflower Compact | New England’s representative government that used town meetings to represent the various towns within Massachusetts |
| Merchants | people who trade goods for aliving |
| Plantation Farming | large farms that produce 1 or 2 cash crops (crops sold for money) |
| Power of the Purse | ability of colonial assemblies to control their royal governors because they collected taxes and therefore controlled all the money within the colony |
| Quakers | also known as the Society of Friends, this group, led by William Penn, founded Pennsylvania on the principles of religious tolerance and pacifism. |
| Roger Williams | established Rhode Island for religious freedom after being banished by the Puritan church |
| Salutary Neglect | Policy of England which allowed the colonies to govern themselves for much of the early colonial period |
| Slave | A person, usually African, who was owned as property for life |
| Subsistence Farming | small farms that produce just enough food for the family to consume with little extra for sale or trading |
| Virginia’s House of Burgesses | Virginia's representative government that maintained order, passed legislature, and attracted new colonists to Virginia |
| Mercantilism | idea that countries get rich by exporting more than they import. This is the reason Britain controlled colonial trade |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | made it more difficult to get US citizenship and stopped people’s ability to speak out against the government |
| Anti-federalists | believes in a strict interpretation of the constitution under the 10th Amendment, favoring a strong State government over the national government |
| Articles of Confederation | this document was the first form of government in the United States that created a loose unification between the original 13 States and proved too weak to address national needs |
| Battle of Saratoga | this battle showed France that the United States could win the war, causing them to invest supplies and support to help the colonial army win |
| Constitution | the document that outlines the functions of our government and corrected issued with the first form of government in the United States |
| Declaration of Independence | based on John Lock’s ideas, this document outlined the rights violated by the British King and declared the independence of the United States |
| Federalists | believed in a loose construction of the constitution under the elastic clause, favoring a strong national government |
| Alexander Hamilton | main Federalist who wanted to create a National Bank under the elastic clause of the constitution and promote American industrialization |
| Thomas Jefferson | main Democratic Republican who thought a National Bank was unconstitutional under strict interpretation of the constitution and wanted to promote American farmers |
| Judicial Review | Courts have the power to declare acts of Congress and the State unconstitutional |
| Marbury vs Madison | established Judicial Review |
| New Jersey Plan | plan for the American Government that gave each State equal representation, favored by small States |
| The Great Compromise | established the 2 Houses of Congress, the House of Representatives basis representation on population, and the Senate giving each State equal representation through 2 Senators |
| 3/5 Compromise | Said that every 5 slaves would count as 2 people, to give the South more representatives in Congress |
| Shays Rebellion | farmers violently protested against the foreclosure of their farms and the National Government did not have the money to provide a military to protect citizens under the Articles of Confederation |
| Stamp Act | direct tax that required all printed material in the colonies to have a government ‘brand’ lead to people complaining “no taxation without representation” |
| Sugar Act | violation of this tax violated colonists right to a jury trial when people were sent to admiralty (military) courts in Canada |
| Townshend Acts | direct tax on many goods that would lead to the Boston Massacre |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Document that said that States had the right to rule national laws unconstitutional and therefore nullify (squash) them |
| Virginia Plan | plan for the American Government that based representation on population, favored by large States |
Created by:
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