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DA 160
Radiology Final - Study Guide 6/17/14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What determines how long film is processed in Manual processing? | Developer Temp |
| What is ideal temp for manual processing? | 68 degrees (between 68-70) |
| How and where are films stored? | Dark room (cool, dry and dark) |
| What makes fixer toxic? | Silver |
| How is radiation is measured for Dental radiographers? | Milarad or Mrad |
| Where should you stand for safety when exposing radiography? | 6 feet away/behind OR 90-139 degrees from tube head or primary/central beam |
| Primary radiation? | Beam directly from tube head; aka central beam |
| Secondary radiation? | When the primary beam interacts w/matter; including soft tissue of head, bones, skull and teeth |
| Scatter radiation? | Form of secondary; result of xray that has deflected from path in all directions |
| What is exposed film before chemical processing? | Latent image |
| What is time elapsed between exposure? (like waiting for a sunburn to show up) | Latent period |
| What is the maximum permissible dose for a DA per year? | 5. REM per yr |
| For minimum exposure to a patient the shape of the PID should be what? | Rectangle or 16 inch PID |
| Lead aprons should have what attached and how they are cared for? | Thyroid collar and cleaned after ever patient |
| Where are long waves eliminated? | Aluminum filter; Filters out long waves (long waves have low frequency) |
| What does the lead collimator do? | Restrict size & shape of xray beam |
| What cells are the most sensitive to ionizing radiation? | Reproductive & Lymph system |
| How is amount of radiation a patient receives measured or attenuated? | By RAD (radiation absorption dose) |
| If the KvP is increased what does it do to the contrast? | Makes a more radiopaque film image; contrast is decreased |
| Genetic effects of ionizing radiation are exhibited in? | reproductive cells; mutation in future off spring |
| Somatic effects are seen in? | Somatic cells; poor health, induction of cancer, leukemia and cataracts |
| Density is? | Overall darkness or blackness on film image |
| Contrast is? | Many shades of gray (high contrast - dark and lights that are extremely different/low contrast - opposite of high; no difference |
| What are dark or black objects on film? | Radiolucent; xray beam travels through object and not stopped. Not dense |
| What are shades of white on film? | Radiopaque; xray is stopped at dense object making image |
| What causes greenish tint? | Film not exposed and processed. |
| Yellow/brown film is caused from? | Exhausted developer and or fixer OR insufficient fixer time and or rinsing |
| What causes clear film? | Processed film with no exposure taken |
| Black film is caused by? | Light leak; film exposed to white light |
| White lines caused by? | Scratched film; emulsion removed by sharp object |
| What causes dark streaks? | centralStatic electricity; when film packet is opened too quickly |
| Developer has what color cap? | Black |
| Fixer has what color cap? | Red |
| The central ray beam should intersect the tooth at what degree angle? | 90 degrees |
| Where is the gag reflex triggered? | Soft palate & lateral 1/3 of the tongue |
| The distance between the dray tube & object should be close or far? | Close |
| What determines the exposure time besides the KvP & mA? | Film speed |
| What do we use cephalometric films used for? | To evaluate facial growth & development, trauma and disease and abnormalities |
| Panoramic films are used for what? | To view Maxilla & mandible in single view; Impacted teeth, eruption patterns, detect diseases, lesions and trauma |
| Foreshortening is caused from? | Positive position; too much verticals angulation. |
| A Quality Assurance Program designed to continually produce diagnostic radiography would include? | Quality Administration Procedures |
| Short waves are..? | High frequency (hard rays) |
| What measures attenuation (absorption) | RAD; Radiation Absorption Dose) |
| Occupational exposure to scatter radiation is measured by? | REM; Roentgen Equivalent (in) Man |
| An atom that loses an electron it becomes what? | Ion |
| Incisive foraman | Radiolucent; opening or hole in bone located between the maxillary central incisors |
| Nasal cavity | Radiolucent area seen above central incisors on either side of nasal septum |
| Nasal Septum | Wide vertical radiopaque band seen above maxillary centrals |
| Nasal spine | Radiopaque sharp projection, v-shaped intersection of the floor of nasal cavity and septum (between maxillary centrals) |
| Maxillary sinus | Large radiolucent area above maxillary molars |
| Inverted Y | Radiopaque upside down Y intersecting with maxillary sinus and cavity near canines |
| Zygomatic process | U-shaped or J-shaped radiopaque area above maxillary molar PA's |
| Genial tubercles | Radiopaque circles surrounding the lingual foramen |
| Lingual foramen | Small radiolucent hole located below the mandibular central incisors |
| Mental ridge | Radiopaque thick band that extends from premolar region to the incisor region, like a border following mandible apices |
| Mylohyoid ridge | Radiopaque like the mental ridge, looks like a band below the mandibular molar region (linear prominence) |
| Mental foraman | Radiolucent holes seen in the apical area of the mandibular premolars |
| Mandibular canal | Radiopaque and Radiolucent; looks like a radiolucent band (road) that is outlined with Radiopaque lines |
| Coronoid process | Radiopaque triangular/beak shaped bone seen superimposed or distal to the maxillary tuberosity |
| Lamina dura | Radiopaque dense wall of tooth socket surrounding root of tooth |
| Maxillary tuberosity | Prominence of bone located distal to the last molar in the arch |
| Median palatine suture | Radiolucent joint between the two palatal processes of the maxilla |
| Retromolar area | Bone located distal to the last molar in the arch |
Created by:
cadengel
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