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Final Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Old Stone Age | Period of time before agriculture, overlaps with prehistory People lived as nomads, wandering in search of food |
| New Stone Age | Began with people ;earned to farm Led to the development of settles villages, a more stable food supply, increased population, and the domestication of animals |
| Fertile Crescent | Known as the "Crossroads of the World" No barriers to invasion, causing frequent wars Lack of barriers also allowed for cultural diffusion as many groups of people migrated and settled here |
| Nile River | Floods predictably Worshiped by ancient Egyptians Provided a source of water that made agriculture possible |
| Israelites | Lived in the ancient Middle East First people to be monotheistic |
| Mandate of Heaven | From ancient China, the ruler received power from the gods Subjects could rebel if ruler failed to provide good government |
| Hammurabi's Code | First written code of laws Based on the principle "an eye for eye" Used harsh punishments and treated people based on social class |
| Peloponnesian Wars | |
| Democracy in Athens | |
| Greek Sculpture | |
| Greek Philosophy | Used reason and logic to understand the universe Influenced Western civilization with their ideas |
| Parthenon | Temple built in Athens Shows important elements of Greek architecture such as balance and simplicity |
| Alexander the Great | Conquered a large empire the included the Greek city-states After his death the empire collapsed but Greek culture spread |
| Greek Geography | Mountains caused isolation and the development of independent city-states |
| Oligarchy | Form of government where power is in the hand of a small number of people The city-state of Sparta had this type government |
| Herodotus | Wrote the first history, A History of the Persian Wars |
| Thucydides | Improved on Herodotus' methods and wrote A History of the Peloponnesian Wars |
| Persian Wars | Took place before the Peloponnesian Wars The Greeks were outnumbered by the Persians but defeated them The wars were won by the Greeks largely because of the Athenian naval victory at Salamis |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher who was taught by Plato He was the teacher of Alexander the Great He established a school called the Lyceum |
| Plato | Greek philosopher who was taught by Socrates He set up a school called the Academy |
| Cultural Influences on Rome | The Romans copied aspects of Greek culture and adapted them |
| City of Rome | The city looked wealthy and impressive but living conditions for most Romans were miserable |
| Caesar | Became dictator of Rome and extended citizenship to people in the provinces of Rome His assassination marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Republic |
| Augustus | First Roman emperor who came to power after a civil war following Caesar's assassination |
| Persecution of Christians | Some Roman Emperors persecuted Christians because they were seen as bad citizens for refusing to worship the emperor and state gods |
| Roman Law | Rome's first code of laws was the Twelve Tables of Law Roman law was based on idea that an individual is innocent until proven guilty |
| Punic Wars | Series of three wars between Rome and Carthage, a city-state in North Africa Rome won all three wars and established a pattern of responding to threats with increasing levels of force |
| Roman Art and Architecture | Copied Greek styles Was realistic and practical |
| Spread of Christianity | Christianity spread because its message was appealing to many people, especially the poor The persecution of Christians by some emperors inspired new converts Christianity offered a personal relationship with God |
| Diocletian | Divided the Roman Empire to try to solve its problems Used policies of coercion and control to try to keep the Empire together |
| Constantine | Like Diocletian, used coercion and control to keep Rome together |
| Visigoths | Attacked the city of Rome 410 AD, the first time the city itself was attacked |
| Fall of Rome | caused by political, economic, and social problems that included a plague, invasions, and the division of the empire into an eastern and western half |
| Fall of Byzantine Empire | The rise of Isla threatened the Byzantine Empire Muslims attack because caused the emperor to request help from the pope leading the Crusades Sped up by the Fourth Crusade which resulted which resulted in the looting of Constantinople The empire collap |
| Early Middle Ages/Dark Ages | Trade came to a stop Population decreased Kings were weak Frequent wars and invasions |
| Treaty of Verdun | Divided Charlemagne's empire among his heir |
Created by:
bm0724
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