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History Terms c14
Adair Final
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Age of Faith | Middle ages; religion was the focus during this time |
Simony | sale of church positions |
Pope Urban II | pope who unleashed the holy war; wanted Jerusalem |
Crusades | a holy war. Multiple of these occurred over a span of 300 years |
Reconquista | the reconquest of Southern Spain by Christians. They drove all others out of the area: Muslims and Jews. |
Ferdinand and Isabella | led the Reconquista |
Inquisition | the method used for expelling Jews and Muslims. This was a way that they convicted them with heresy against Christianity, and were burned at the stake. |
Guild | a place that controls all of the sales and prices of a single product |
Commercial Revolution | European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism in the 1200s |
Vernacular | native language |
William the Conqueror | first Norman English king; defeated final Anglican king |
Battle of Hastings | battle in which William the Conqueror defeated Harold |
Henry II | king who started common law and juries |
Common Law | all follow the same laws |
Magna Carta | guaranteed basic rights |
King John | cruel king who was forced to sign the Magna Carta |
Model Parliament | legislative group in England |
Philip II | started Estates=Gemeral |
Estates-General | the French group that represented each of the three classes in France. This never limited the king’s power, but this was still a step towards democracy. |
Avignon Papacy and Great Schism | time when there were multiple popes at a time; French and Italian pope causing a divide |
Bubonic Plague | disease that killed 1/3 of Europe during the high Middle Ages |
Hundred Years War | war between England and France; brought forth nationalism and ended the Middle Ages |
Longbow | weapon able to pierce through armor; ended chivalric warfare |
Joan of Arc | French peasant girl who eventually led France to a victory; however, was captured and was burned at the stake with no French effort to save her |