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The Brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Nervous System? | Comprised of the brain, spinal cord, and neurons |
| Central Nervous System | Brain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous Syste, | Collection of nerves and neurons located throughout the body |
| How do we separate the structures of the brain? | Categorizing them by lobes of hemispheres |
| What are the different lobes in the brain? | Temporal, Occipital, Parietal, and Frontal |
| What are the left-brain functions? | Analytic thought, logic, language, and science/math |
| What are the right-brain functions? | Holistic thought, intuition, creativity, and art/music |
| What are ways we found about about the brain? | Through animal experimentation and human case studies |
| What is the Broca's Area? | Region in the frontal lobe of one hemisphere (usually the left) of the hominid brain with functions linked to speech production. |
| What are the strengths of animal experiments and case studies? | It can determine the necessity of a region for a certain cognitive process |
| What are the weaknesses of animal experiments and case studies? | Lack of experimental control, neuroplasticity, and low number os subjects |
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) | Uses electromagnetic induction to induce weak electric currents using a rapidly changing magnetic field to cause depolarization or hyperpolarization in the neurons of the brain |
| Electrophysiology | The activity of our neurons can be detected by monitoring small electrical changes in the nervous system |
| What are examples of Electrophysiology? | Electroencephalogram (EEGs), Event Related Potentials (ERPs), and Electrocorticography (ECog) |
| Why were/are electrophysiology measures so valuable? | Tells us a whole slew of information about the nervous system in comparison to previous approaches |
| What are some advantages of Electrophysiology? | Less invasive, allows us to get larger samples of individuals, allows us to more accurately measure the location of activity (spacial resolution), and allows us to detect when the brain is activated (temporal resolution) |
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scans) | Measures the cerebral blood flow by tracking the presence of a radioactive tracer (an unstable isotope) injected into the bloodstream |
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRIs) | Blood flow is measured by detecting the deoxygenating blood in your brain through a giant magnet spinning around your head |
| What are the pros to pet scans? | Decent spatial resolution and good at measuring neurotransmitter metabolism |
| What are the cons to pet scans? | Radioactive, very expensive, and poor temporal resolution so because if this we cannot detect the neural response to discrete cognitive events |
| What are the advantages of the FMRI over the PET scans? | It is Non-invasive so no radioactive agents requires, better spatial resolution, and better temporal resolution |
| What are some issues with the FMRI? | Temporal resolution is not as good as electoral activity measures, very expensive, and tells us about activity not necessity of specific areas |
| What is Wernicke's Area? | One of the two parts of the cerebral cortex linked to speech. It is involved in the understanding of written and spoken language. Located in the left cerebral hemisphere. |
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