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Personality
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | a person's unique behavioral and cognitive patterns; OR, a person's unique consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
| Somatotype Personality Theory | personality based on body types, three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph. (William Sheldon) |
| Locus of Control | refers to individual perceptions of "causality" or "how and why" things happen in a person's life. (Julian B. Rotter) |
| Temperaments | the characteristics and aspects of personality that we are born with. |
| Reciprocal Determintation | a person's behavior is both influenced by and influences a person's personal factors and the environment. (Albert Bandura) |
| Oedipus Crisis | occurs during the phallic stage and is a conflict in which the boy wishes to possess his mother sexually and perceives his father to be a rival in love. |
| Heritability | the extent to which differences in a trait can be attributed to our genetic makeup is important in trying to understand human behavior. |
| Projective Personality Tests | A test which requires an individual to respond to indistinct stimuli. The individual's interpretation about the stimuli is meant to reveal aspects of their personality.(Ex: inkblot test) |
| Id | the part of the human personality that is made up of all our inborn biological urges that seeks out immediate gratification, regardless of social values or consequences. (Freud) |
| Self-Report Inventories | any methods of data collection that rely on the participant to report his or her own behaviors, thoughts, or feelings. |
| Factor Analysis | a type of statistical procedure that is conducted to identify clusters or groups of related items (called factors) on a test. |
| Ego | the part of personality that helps us deal with reality by mediating between the demands of the id, superego, and the environment. It prevents us from acting on every urge we have and being so morally driven that we can't function properly. |
| Trait Theorists | They are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. |
| Validity | If the test does indeed measure what it is intended to measure, then we can say that the test is valid. |
| Superego | acts as our moral guide and mediates between the id and the ego. It contains the conscience, which makes us feel guilty for doing or thinking something wrong and good when we do something right. |
| Big Five Personality Traits | OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism |
| Reliability | refers to the extent to which a test or other instrument is consistent in its measures. |
| Defense Mechanisms | a way for the mind to protect us from being consciously aware of thoughts or feelings that are too difficult to tolerate. (repression, regression, denial, projection, compensation, sublimation, reaction formation, rationalization, and hallucination) |
| Social-Cognitive Personality Theories | states that we learn behaviors through observation, modeling, and motivation such as positive reinforcement. (N.E. Miller and Albert Bandura) |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | when one person is completely accepting toward another person. This is not just a show of acceptance, but is an attitude that is then demonstrated through behavior. (Carl Rogers) |
| Personal Construct Theory | conscious ideas about self, others, and situations |
| Self-Efficacy | a person's belief in his or her ability to complete a future task or solve a future problem. (Albert Bandura) |
| Intrinsic Locus of Control | when a person believes that they exert control on their environment actions. |
| Extrinsic Locus of Control | refers to a belief system where a person feels controlled by outside forces and events and believes that they have little or no control over their own circumstances and environment. |
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cbcampos95
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