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chap 18
Economy and Work
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alienation | the feeling of powerlessness and separation from ones group or society |
| Automation | the process by which by human labor is replaced by machines |
| Capitalism | an economic system based on the pursuit of profit and the sanctity of private property |
| Communism | an economic system in which the state is the sole owner of the systems of production |
| Contingent Workers | those who do not hold regular jobs but whose employment is dependent on demand, including those who contract independently with employers, temporary workers, on call workers, the self employed, part time workers and day laborers. |
| Deindustrialization | the transition from a predominantly goods-producing economy to one based on the provision of services |
| Division of labor | the systematic interrelation of different tasks that develops in different societies |
| dual labor market theory | theoretical description of the occupational system defining it as divided into two major segments: The primary labor market and the secondary labor market |
| Economic restructuring | contemporary transformations in the basic structure of work that are permanently altering the workplace, including the changing composition of the workplace, deindustrilization, the use of enhanced technology and the development of a global economy |
| Economy | the system on which the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services is based |
| Emotional labor | work that is intended to produce a desired emotional effect on a client |
| Global economy | term used to refer to the fact that all dimensions of the economy now cross national borders |
| Job displacement | the permanent loss of certain job types that occurs when employment patterns shift |
| Mismatch theory | argument that a groups disadvantage in the labor market results from the combination of residential segregation in center cities and the movement of jobs to suburban areas |
| Multinational corporations | companies that draw a large share of their revenues from foreign investments and that conduct business across national borders |
| Occupational segregation | the pattern by which workers are separated into different occupations on the basis of social characteristics such as race and gender |
| Postindustrial society | society organized around the provision of services |
| Sexual harassment | unwanted physical or verbal sexual behavior that occurs in the context of a relationship of unequal power and that is experienced as a threat to the victims job or educational activities |
| Socialism | an economic institution characterized by state ownership and management of the basic industries |
| Structural unemployment | loss of work that occurs because of changes at the structural level |
| Underemployment | a term used to describe being employed at a level below what would be expected, given a persons level of training or education |
| Unemployment rate | the percentage of those not working but officially defined as looking for work |
| Xenophobia | the fear and hatred of foreigners |
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