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Chapter 17

TermDefinition
ghazis warriors for the Islamic faith
Ottomans Ruling dynasty of the Ottoman Empire, named for Osman I, the founder; at the Empire's height, the Ottomans ruled a vast area that encompassed southwest Asia, northeast Africa, and southeast Europe
sultan title of the ruler of the Ottoman Empire
Janissaries highly trained soldiers in the elite gaurd of the Ottoman Empire
Mehmed II Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1444 to 1446 and again from 1451 to 1481; he was a strong military leader who conquered the Byzantine capital of Constantinople
Suleyman I Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566; he expanded the empire and took on a large economic and political role in the affairs of Europe and the Mediterranean
shah name given to a king of the Safavid Empire
'Abbas Shah of the Safavid Empire in Persia from 1588 to 1629; his military victories against the Ottomans and skilled administration brought about a golden age in Safavid history
Babur Founder of the Mughal empire of India; he invaded Afghanistan and India and established an empire there
Mughal Empire a Muslim empire in India
Akbar the Great Mughal emperor of India; he ruled from 1556 until 1605 and continued the policy of conquest put in place under regent Bairim Khan, enlarging his empire to include nearly all of the Indian peninsula north of the Godavari River
Sikhism an Indian religion founded in the late 1400s whose beliefs blend elements of Hinduism and Islam
Shah Jahan Mughal emperor of India from 1628 to 1658; under his rule, Mughal power reached its height and his age was the golden period of Muslim art and architecture
Taj Mahal a mausoleum built by India's Mughal emperor Shah Jahan from 1632-1643 to honor his wifre
Aurangzeb Mughal emperor of India; he expanded Mughal power to its greatest extant. However, his efforts to impose his strict religious views helped undermine Mughal empire
Hongwu First emperor of the Ming dynasty in China; he drove the Mongols out of China, Korea, and Manchuria. He concentrated all power in his own hands.
Yonglo Third emperor of the Ming dynasty in China; he ordered the reconstruction of Beijing and made it in the new capital of China.
Zheng He Admiral, diplomat, and explorer during China's Ming dynasty; his Chinese fleet visited more than 30 countries
Matteo Ricci Italian missionary; he traveled to China in 1538. He learned the language and adopted many Chinese customs, which gained him entry to the Ming court.
Kangxi Chinese emperor of the Qing dynasty from 1661 to 1722; his reign was one of relative internal peace.
Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty from 1735 to 1796; he was the grandson of Kangxi.
Lord George Macartney British diplomat; he visited China in 1793 to discuss expanding trade. He was sent away after his goods were found to be inferior and he refused to kowtow to the emperor
samurai a professional Japanese warrior hired by wealthy landowners for protection in feudal Japan
Bushido "way of the warrior", code of behavior of Japanese samurai warriors, stressing bravery, loyalty and honor
Zen Buddhism sect of Buddhism that stresses meditation as a means of achieving enlightenment; became popular among Japanese aristocrats and was a part of the samurai's code.
shogun the hereditary chief of Japan's warrior class who held the real power, while the emperor ruled in name only
daimyo a warrior lord in feudal Japan who controlled vast amounts of land and commanded a private army
Tokugawa Ieyasu Japanese warrior and dictator; he was appointed shogun by the emperor, thus assuming complete control of the government and establishing the Tokugawa shogunate
haiku a Japanese poem
kabuki a form of Japanese theater dating from the 1600s, featuring a highly stylized blend of singing and dancing; performances can last a day
Yi Song-gye Founder of the Korean Choson dynasty; his dynasty became one of the longest continuous dynasties in history
Created by: lcs1340020
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