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All of Africa
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Desertification | the process in which grasslands turn into deserts |
Deforestation | the destruction of trees and rainforests |
Sahel | the transition zone between the Sahara desert and the rainforests |
Savanna | grasslands |
Sahara | the largest desert in the world; located in Northern Africa |
Where do most people live in Africa? | Near rivers and along the coasts |
Which areas in the Sahara have high population densities? | Along the Nile River and near oases |
Where are rainforests located in Africa? | in Central Africa along the Congo River |
Which environmental issue is negatively impacting the rainforests? | deforestation |
What type of job do people in the rainforest have? | logging |
Where is the Sahel located in Africa? | south of the Sahara and north of the rainforests |
Which environmental issue is negatively impacting the Sahel? | desertification |
What types of jobs do people have in the Sahel? | subsistence farming and herding animals |
Subsistence farming | when farmers only grow enough food for their families to survive |
What is the relationship between literacy rate and standard of living? | The higher the literacy rate, the higher the standard of living |
What is the difference between ethnic groups and religious groups? | Ethnic groups share a common culture, traditions, history, and language. Religious groups share a common religion. |
Where do Arabs live in Africa? | In the northern and eastern parts of Africa |
Which religion do most Arabs practice? | Islam |
Where do the Ashanti live in Africa? | Ghana |
Which religions to the Ashanti practice? | traditional religions, Islam, and Christianity |
Where do the Swahili live in Africa? | East Africa |
Which religion do most Swahili practice? | Islam |
Describe the Bantu people. | The Bantu people migrated from the Sahara desert throughout central and southern Africa. Many people in Africa can trace their language and cultures to the Bantu. |
What are the two most common religions in Africa? | Christianity and Islam |
What are "water wars"? | Disagreements between countries about how to share the limited fresh water resources |
Why are "water wars" becoming a reality in Africa? | The amount of clean fresh water is shrinking, while the population in Africa is continuing to grow. |
What are the causes of desertification? | overgrazing, drought, poor farming practices, and deforestation |
How is desertification negatively impacting the people in Africa? | Farmers are unable to use their land once it becomes a desert which leads to poverty and starvation. |
How does polluted water impact people in Africa? | It is difficult for people to find clean water to drink and use in Africa. Drinking polluted water can lead to sickness and even death. |
Autocracy | One person has total power |
Oligarchy | A small group of people rule |
Democracy | Citizens have the right to vote for their leaders |
Presidential Democracy | Citizens vote for president; the president is both the head of state and head of government |
Parliamentary Democracy | Citizens elect members to parliament, members of parliament select the prime minister; the prime minister is the head of government |
Unitary | The central government has control |
Confederation | Independent countries have the power and agree to give a little to the central government |
Federal | Power is divided between federal, regional, and local governments |
Dictatorship | One person rules by force, often relying on the military |
3 Types of Citizen Participation | Democracy, Oligarchy, Autocracy |
3 Types of Distribution of Power | Unitary, Federal, Confederation |
GDP | Gross Domestic Product; the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year |
Entrepreneurship | A person willing to risk their time and money in a new product or improved product |
Human Capital | The value of a person's skills and education |
Capital Goods | Goods used to make other goods |
Natural Resources | Gifts from the Earth |
Specialization | When countries focus on producing what they can produce easily and trade for what they need |
Interdependence | When countries rely on each other for goods and services; usually a result of specialization |
Market Economy | Supply and demand determine what is produced, how much is produced, and for whom it is produced |
Command Economy | The government determines what is produced, how much is produced, and for whom it is produced. |
Traditional Economy | Traditions and customs determine what is produced, how much is produced, and for whom it is produced. |
Mixed Economy | A combination of government and supply and demand control economic decisions |
Export | Goods that are sent out of the country to another |
Import | Goods that are brought into a country from another |
Quota | A limit on imports |
Tariff | A tax on imports |
Embargo | A refusal to trade with a country |
The higher the literacy rate.... | the higher the standard of living |
What type of government does Kenya have? | Republic and presidential democracy |
What type of government does South Africa have? | Republic and parliamentary democracy |
Why has it been hard to create stable governments in Africa? | Civil war and conflict between ethnic and religious groups |
What is famine? What causes it? | A period of time when there is a shortage of food caused by civil war, climate change, disease |
Which region of Africa is most at risk for famine? | Sub-Saharan Africa |
Which trade barrier did the US place on South Africa in response to apartheid? | embargo |
What are the 4 factors of growth? | human capital, capital goods, natural resources, entrepreneurship |
What are the 3 economic trade barriers? | quota, embargo, and tariff |
How are standard of living and GDP related? | the higher the GDP, the higher the standard of living |
Poverty | not having enough money to buy basic supplies |
What are the benefits of free (voluntary) trade? | increased variety; lower priced goods because of competition; companies make more money |
What are the most valuable natural resources found in Africa? (4) | Oil, diamonds, uranium, and gold |
What is Nigeria's most valuable natural resource? | Oil |
What are South Africa's most valuable natural resources? | Diamonds, Gold, and Uranium |
How are the Republic of Kenya and the Republic of South Africa different? | Kenya is a presidential democracy, while South Africa is a parliamentary democracy. |
How are the educational systems in Kenya similar and different? | Boys in both countries go to school more frequently than girls. Kenya has a higher literacy rate. Sudan has been hurt by civil war. |
Why did South Sudan want to become independent from Sudan? | South Sudan is culturally and religiously different from Sudan. South Sudan is mainly Christian, while Sudan is mainly Muslim. |
How has investment in the four factors of growth impacted the economies of South Africa and Nigeria? | South Africa has invested in all four factors of growth and their economy is steadily growing. Nigeria has only invested in natural resources, so their economy is not growing very much. |
Between South Africa and Nigeria, which country has a faster growing economy? Why? | South Africa because they invest in the four factors of economic growth. |
What is malaria? How is it spread? | Tropical disease spread by mosquitos |
What 3 things can be done to reduce the spread of malaria? | Insecticides, anti-malarial drugs, and mosquito nets |
Why is it hard to combat AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa? | Lack of funding for education and prevention programs; government instability |
Define imperialism. | when one country takes over another, usually for resources |
Define nationalism. | love for one's country |
Define apartheid. | the forced segregation between races in South Africa |
Define homelands. | areas where black South Africans were forced to live during Apartheid |
Define African National Congress. | Nelson Mandela's political party that opposed Apartheid |
Define partition. | to divide |
Define Scramble for Africa. | the race between European countries to gain colonies in Africa |
Define Pan-Africanism. | the idea that people of African descent share a common history and culture and should come to |
Who is Nelson Mandela? | Mandela opposed apartheid and was imprisoned for 27 years. He was the first black president of South Africa. |
Who was Jomo Kenyatta? | The first elected president of Kenya after independence |
Who was F. W. de Klerk? | The last president of South Africa under apartheid; worked to end apartheid and released Nelson Mandela from jail. |
What problem has oil caused in Nigeria? | government corruption |
When did most countries in Africa gain independence? | 1950s and 1960s |
Why was there a civil war in Nigeria? | There was a civil war over government control between the Christian south and the Muslim north |
How did Kenya gain independence? | voting |
How did South Africa gain independence? | voting |
When was Africa divided into colonies? At which conference did that happen? | Berlin Conference 1884-1885 |
Why has it been hard to build stable governments in Africa since independence? | European partitioning divided ethnic groups into difficult countries and placed rival ethnic groups in the same country. |
Which 2 European countries had the most colonies in Africa? | UK (British) and France (French) |
How did the colonial borders drawn by Europeans cause problems for the countries in Africa after independence? | European partitioning divided ethnic groups into difficult countries and placed rival ethnic groups in the same country. |
Which 2 European countries colonized South Africa? | Netherlands (Dutch) and UK (British) |
Why did France and Britain both want to control Egypt? | To control the Suez Canal |
Why did Europeans create colonies in Africa? | To gain natural resources (raw materials), gain more land, slave trade, new markets in which to sell their goods, spread their culture and religion |
Explain how Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk are important figures in South African history. | Nelson Mandela was the leader of the African National Congress political party and opposed Apartheid. He was the first black president of South Africa. de Klerk was the last president of South Africa during Apartheid and worked to end Apartheid. |
What problems did European colonizers create when they drew political boundaries in the region? | Civil war; riots; separated families and ethnic groups into different countries; unstable governments |