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Unit 2 - 9th
Unit 2 - First Civilizations (required)
Term | Definition |
---|---|
architecture | buildings |
agriculture | farming |
Ancient Egypt (geography, achievements) | Civilization that developed along the Nile River and had deserts as natural barriers. It built the pyramids and hieroglyphics. |
city-state | city and surrounding area |
Code of Hammurabi | code of law based on "an eye for an eye" |
civilization | a society with a organized government, religion, writing, advances in arts/literature/science/mathematics |
clergy | church leaders |
cultural diffusion | spreading of goods and ideas |
domesticate | to tame animals |
famine | hunger due to lack of crops growing |
hieroglyphics | Egyptians writing |
Huang He River | Located in China, also known as the Yellow River |
Indus River | Located in India |
irrigation | bringing water to the crops |
merchant | person who buys and sells goods |
Mesopotamia (geography, achievements) | Known as the Fertile Crescent. Developed along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Had few natural barriers leading to invasions. Developed ziggurats and cuneiform. |
monsoon | seasonal winds of India that bring a lot of rain |
mummification | Used by Egyptians to preserve the dead |
natural barriers | geographic features that split 2 areas apart, ex: mountains, deserts, oceans |
Neolithic Revolution (characteristics) | Period when humans settle down along river valleys, farm, and domesticate animals |
Nile River | Located in Egypt. Annual floods create fertile soil |
nomad | person that travels from place to place |
Old Stone Age (characteristics) | Period when humans are hunters and gatherers, nomadic, use stone tools, and use cave paintings |
peasant | poor farmer |
pharaoh | Egyptian leader |
polytheistic (polytheism) | belief in many gods |
pyramids | structures built in Egypt for dead pharaohs |
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers | Located in Mesopotamia. Annual floods provide fertile land |
ziggurat | step shaped pyramid build by Sameria in Mesopotamia |