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Embryo Quiz 4 NWHSU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In lateral cleft upper JAW, where is the cleft located? | Between the cuspid and incison |
| What specific embryonic structure(s) form(s) the alae of the nose? | Lateral Nasal Swellings |
| Name the components formed from the following: (Be Specific!) Periotic Capsule | Mastoid and petrous portions of temporal bone |
| Name the components formed from the following: (Be Specific!) Ala Orbitalis | Lesser wing of the sphenoid |
| __________ anomaly of skull in which there is premature closure of one or more sutures. | Craniosynostosis |
| Name the components formed from the following: (Be Specific!) Trabeculae cranii | Body of Ethmoid |
| Ossification (primary) of a rib takes place from a single located at the head. (write word true or false) | False |
| Primary centers of ossification begin in the humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, and femur at 8 weeks (write word true or false) | True |
| SPECIFICALLY, what is the embryonic (developmental) cause of a: Cleft Sternum | Failure of sternal bands to fuse |
| ECIFICALLY, what is the embryonic (developmental) cause of a: Supernumerary rib | Over development of the costal process of a vertebra outside the thoracic column, usually at C7 or L1 |
| _______ anomaly sometimes referred to as the 'mermaid deformity' | Sirenomelia |
| The peiphyses of most long bones fuse with the diaphysis by the 20th year (write the word true or false) | True |
| _________ the primordium for the cerebral cortex. | Pallium |
| ___________ functional classification (use 3 letter) of the column in the basal plate of the mesencephalon | GSE GVE |
| ____________ brain vesicle which forms ONLY the pons and cerebellum | Metencephalon |
| Briefly discuss how the dorsal roots of spinal nerves develop. | Neural crest cells migrate into position along the developing spinal cord |
| What develops from the corpus striatum? | Caudate and lenticular nuclei |
| What specific embryonic structure(s): fail to fuse in lateral cleft lip? | Medial nasal swellings |
| What specific embryonic structure(s): gives rise to the PRIMARY palate? | Intermaxiallary plate |
| Name the components formed from the following: Ala temporalis | inner part of greater wing of sphenoid |
| Name the components formed from the following: Hypophyseal cartilage | sphenoid body |
| List four components of the membranous viscerocranium | Bones of the face, ear ossicles, hyoid, cricoid and thyroid cartilages |
| In general, the limbs reach the cartilaginous stage at 10 weeks of embryonic development (write true or false) | False |
| The primary center of ossification in the scapula forms both the body and most of the acromion (write true or false) | True |
| Concerning the metacarpals and metatarsals of digits 2-5, secondary centers of ossification appear only in distal epiphyses. (True or false) | True |
| Besides ganglia, Schwann cells, and the cartilages of the branchial arches, list 4 derivatives of the neural crest. | Satellite cells, odontoblasts, melanocytes, part of pia and arachnoid |
| The thalamus and hypothalamus develop from what embryonic components? | Alar plates and diencephalon |
| Component that forms astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, but not ependymal cells. | Gliablasts |
| Primordium for the cerebellum cortex | Rhombic lips |
| Functional classification (3 letter use) of the columns in the basal plate of the myelencephalon | GVE GSE SVE |
| Name the components that form from the intermaxillary segment | Phitrum Middle of maxilla (incisors?) Entire primary palate |
| In the lateral cleft upper jaw, exactly where is the cleft located? | Between the incisors and cuspids |
| Name the components that specifically form the following a. occipital clivus and tectum | parachondrial cartilage and occipital sclerotome |
| Name the components that specifically form the following Body of Ethmoid | trabeculae cranii |
| Anomaly in which the sagittal suture closes | Scaphocephalus |
| The patella is completely cartilaginous at five years of age (true or false) | False |
| Each rib develops from 2 centers of chondrification (true or false) | False |
| In general, the limbs reach the cartilaginous stage at 10 weeks of embryonic development (true or false) | False |
| Anomaly produced when any area of the neural tube fails to close; nervous tissue remains flattened and exposed to the surface | Rachischisis |
| What specific embryonic structure(s): a. fail to fuse in median cleft lip | Medial nasal swellings |
| What specific embryonic structure(s): b. gives rise to SECONDARY palate | Palatine shelves of the maxillary process |
| Ossification (primary) of a rib takes place from a single center located near the angle (true or false) | True |
| Concerning the metacarpals and metatarsals of digits 2-5, secondary centers of ossification appear only in proximal epiphyses (true or false) | False |
| Anomaly with no limb development | amelia |
| What does each of the following form in the adult a. occipital fontanelle | lambda |
| What does each of the following form in the adult b. anterolateral fontanelle | pterion |
| Ribs have a single center of chondrification at nine weeks (true or false) | False |
| The patella is completely cartilaginous at birth (true or false) | True |
| Give the specific development of the middle cerebellar peduncles | Axons growing from pontine nuclei to cerebellum |
| Congenital malformation caused when mesenchyme between phalanges fails to breakdown | Syndactyly |
| Myelination in the spinal cord begins about __________ month ( 1st, 2nd, 4th, or 8th) of fetal development. Additionally, at birth the cord ends at the ________ vertebral level. | 4th month L3 |
| Specifically what is the embryonic cause of a: oblique facial cleft | failure to fuse lateral and medial nasal and maxillary swellings |
| What specific embryonic processes fail to fuse in cleft secondary plate? | The palatine shelves of the maxillary process (4 incisors) |
| What does the following form in the adult? Anterior fontanelle | Bregma |
| What does the following form in the adult? Posteriorlateral fontanelle | Asterion |
| The cranial capacity of the skull increases until age ____, but MOST of its capacity is achieved by age ____. | 15-16 5-7 |
| The developing skull is divided into 4 subdivisions based on location and ossification. Name the subdivisions. | membranous neurocranium, membranous, cartilagenous neurocranium, cartilagenous viscerocranium |
| NAME the specific EMBRYONIC cartilage which forms the following: a. inner part of the greater wing of sphenoid b. body of ethmoid c. occipital clivus and tectum mastoid part of the temporal bone d. body of sphenoid e. lesser wing | a. ala temporalis b. trabeculae cranii c. occipital scleratomes d. hypophyseal cartilages e. ala orbitalis |
| Anomaly of skull in which roof of cranial vault is unclosed. | Craniocephaly |
| Anaomaly of skull in which the coronal and/or lambdoidal suture closes prematurely on one side only, skull becomes twisted and asymmetrical in shape. | plagiocephaly |
| The clavicals articulate with the presternal cartilage which later joins the manubrium of the sternum. (True or false) | False (Suprasternal) |
| In the foot, secondary centers of ossification appear only in the proximal epiphyses of the TOE bones. (True or false) | True |
| Secondary centers of ossification form in the epiphyses of long bones between 5 weeks of fetal development and the 20th year (depending on the specific bone). (True or false) | False (birth to 20 years) |
| the clavicle has the last primary center of ossification to appear in the body. (True or false) | True |
| The sternum develops by endochondral and intramembrous ossification. True or false | False (Clavicle) |
| Describe in detail the anomaly known as the "lobster claw". | abnormal cleft between the 2nd and 4th metacarpals and soft tissues, 3rd metacarpals and phalange are usually absent, thumb and index finger can be fused. |
| The epithalamus develops from what embryonic components? Include secondary brain vesicle and plate. | dicephalon, roof plate |
| The bilateral longitudinal groove in the developing spinal cord used to seperate basal and alar plates. | sulcus limitans |
| Briefly discuss the differentiation of the microglia. | from messenchyme |
| Anomaly usually due to aqueductal stenosis. | Hydrocephalus |
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