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Ch.14-15 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
1. Totalitarianism | a theory of government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people. |
2. Anti-Semitic | prejudice and discrimination against Jewish people. |
3. Spanish civil war | nationalist forces led by General Francisco Franco rebelled against the democratic Republican government of Spain. |
4. Appeasement | policy of granting concessions in order to keep the peace. |
5. Anschluss | union of Germany and Austria in 1933. |
6. Munich Pact | agreement made between Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France in 1938 that sacrificed the Sudetenland to preserve peace. |
7. Biltzkrieg | "lightening war" that emphasized the use of speed and firepower to penetrate deep into the enemy's territory. |
8. Axis powers | group of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan that fought the Allies in WW11. |
9. Allies | group of countries led by Britain, France, the United States, and the soviet Union that fought the Axis powers in WW11. |
10. Neutrality Act of 1939 | act that allowed nations at war to buy goods and arms in the United States if they paid cash and carried the merchandise on their own ships. |
11. Tripartite Pact | agreement that created an alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during WW11. |
12. Lend-lease Act | act passed in 1941 that allowed president Roosevelt to sell or lend war supplies to any country whose defense he considered vital to the safety of the United States. |
13. Atlantic Charter | a joint declaration made in August 1941 by Great Britain and the United States, during WW11, that endorsed national self-determination and an international system of general security. |
14.Pearl Habor | American military base attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941. |
15. Women's Army Corps (WAC) | U.S. Army group established during WW11 so that women could serve in noncombat roles. |
16. Bataan Death March | during WW11, the forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the Japanese military. |
17. Battle of Coral Sea | WW11 battle that took place between Japanese and American aircraft carriers. |
18. Unconditional Surrender | giving up completely without any concessions. |
19. Saturation Bombing | tactic of dropping massive amounts of bombs in order to inflict maximum damage. |
20. Strategic bombing | tactic of dropping bombs on key political and industrial targets. |
21. Tuskegee Airmen | african american squadron that escorted bombers in the air war over Europe during WW11. |
22. Battle of Midway | turning point of WW11 in the Pacific, in which the Japanese advance was stopped. |
23. Executive Order 8802 | WW11 measures that assured fair hiring practices in any job funded by the government. |
24. Bracero Program | plan that brought labors from Mexico to work on American farms. |
25. Internment | temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group. |
26. Korematsu v. United States | the supreme court upheld the governments wartime internment policy. |
27. 442nd Regimental Combat Team | fought in the Italian campaign and beame the most decorated military unit in American history. |
28. Rationing | government-controlled limits on the amount of certain goods that civilians could buy during wartime. |
29. Office of War Information (OWI) | government agency that encouraged support of the war effort during WW11. |
30. D-Day | june 6, 1944, the day Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France. |
31. Battle of the Bulge | in December of 1944, Hitler ordered a counterattack on Allied troops in Belgium, but it crippled Germany by using up reserves and demoralizing its troops. |
32. Island Hopping | WW11 strategy that involved seizing selected Japanese-held islands in the pacific while bypassing others. |
33. Kamikaze | japanese pilots who deliberately crashed planes into American ships during WW11. |
34. Manhattan Project | code name of the project that developed the atomic bomb. |
35. Holocaust | name now used to describe the systematic murder of jews by the Nazis. |
36. Nuremberg Laws | laws enacted by Hitler that denied German citzenship to jews. |
37. Kristallnacht | "night of the broken glass," organized attacks on jewish communities in Germany on November 9, 1938. |
38. Genocide | willful annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group. |
39. Concentration Camp | camps used by the Nazis to imprison "undesirable" members of society. |
40. Death Camp | Nazi camp designed for the extermination of prisoners. |
41. War Refugee Board | U.S. government agency founded in 1944 to save Eastern European jews. |
42. Yalta Conference | 1945 strategy meeting between Roosevelt, churchill, and stalin. |
43. Superpower | powerful country that plays a dominant economic, political, and military role in the world. |
44. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) | international agreement first signed in 1947 aimed at lowering trade barriers. |
45. United Nations (UN) | organization founded in 1945 to promote peace. |
46. Universal Declaration of Human Rights | document issued by the UN to promote basic human rights and freedom. |
47. Geneva Convention | international agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war. |
48. Nuremberg Trials | trails in which Nazi leaders were charged with war crimes. |