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KB bio psych CH.5
DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY OF THE BRAIN
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antisaccade task | voluntary eye movement away from the normal direction |
| Apoptosis | a programmed mechanism of cell death, cell "suicide" |
| BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) | neurotrophin similar to nerve growth factor |
| closed head injury | results from a sharp blow to head that doesnt puncture the brain |
| Collateral Sprouts | Newly formed branches of an axon |
| Deafferent | remove or disable the sensory nerves from a body part |
| Dendrites | branching fibers from a neuron that receive information from other neurons |
| Denervation supersensitivity (receptor supersensitivity) | increased sensitivity to neurotransmitters by a postsynaptic neuron after loss of input |
| Diaschisis | decreased activity of surviving brain neurons after damage to other neurons |
| Differentiates | to develop the axon and dendrites that give a neuron its distinctive properties |
| Edema | accumulation of fluid |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | condition resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol. Marked by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, decreased alertness, varying degrees of mental retardation, motor problems, heart defects, and facial abnormalities |
| Focal Hand Dystonia (musicians cramp) | a disorder where one or more fingers is in constant contraction or where moving one finger independently of others is difficult |
| Hemorrhage | type of stroke resulting from a ruptured artery |
| Ischemia | type of stroke resulting from a blood clot or other obstruction in an artery |
| Migration | movement of brain neurons or glia |
| Myelination | process by which glia produce the insulating fatty sheaths that accelerate transmission in many vertebrate axons |
| NGF- Nerve Growth Factor | a protein that promotes the survival and growth of axons in the sympathetic nervous system and certain axons in the brain |
| Neural Darwinism | principle of competition among axons |
| Neurotrophin | a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons |
| Proliferation | production of new cells |
| Stem Cells | undifferentiated cells that divide and produce daughter cells that develop more specialized properties |
| Stroke | a temporary loss of normal blood flow to a brain area |
| Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) | drug that breaks up blood clots |
Created by:
kebarron
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