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World Final Q3 Rev
CHAPTER 17: EUROPEAN EXPLORATION, CONQUEST, & TRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did the process by which an African person became enslaved in the Americas begin? | African slaves were traded for European goods |
| How did the Portuguese monarchy exert its control over Brazil? | Sending a viceroy to govern |
| What did Spain and Portugal mainly export when trading with their Latin-American colonies? | silver |
| Why were African slaves imported to work on encomiendas in Latin America? | Disease had killed so many of the native population that African slaves were needed to do the labor |
| How did the Catholic Church contribute to the colonization of Latin America? | Missionaries were sent to convert indigenous people |
| When does a country have a favorable balance of trade? | When the value of exports is greater than value of imports |
| Why did Europeans begin to expand and explore in the 1500s? | God, Gold and Glory |
| Why were the Portuguese first to explore other lands? | superior ships and support of Prince Henry the Navigator |
| What advantage did better weaponry give Spanish conquistadors over the Aztec and Inca empires? | The weapons were unlike anything the native populations had seen it allowed a small group of conquistadors to conquer such a large population |
| What other countries settled in the Americas, challenging the financial control enjoyed by the Spanish and Portuguese? | Netherlands, France and England |
| What were the effects of the slave trade on African societies? | Loss of population, culture and family |
| What is the correct list of social classes from colonial Latin America beginning highest to lowest? | Peninsulare-creole-mestizo-mulatto-native/slave |
| How did Catholic missionaries aid European powers in controlling the lives of Native Americans? | They brought Native Americans together in villages where they were taught trades and encouraged to grow crops |
| What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? | Treaty between Spain and Portugal that determined who and where each country could colonize. The Pope declared that the lands east of the line of demarcation were for Portugal and the lands west were for Spain |
| Why could only peninsulares hold important government positions in Latin America? | Peninsulares were born in the Spain or Portugal |
| What is mercantilism? | Belief that prosperity of a nation depends on a large supply of gold and silver |
| What was The Requiremento? | Decree by the Spanish crown to native people establishing Spanish government as the new government and Catholicism as the new religion. It also stated that those who did not follow would be dealt with severely |
| What was the encomienda system? | System that forces Native Americans to work for the Spanish as a tax |
| What was the Middle Passage? | The leg of the Trans-Atlantic trade route that carried African slaves to the new world |
| Explain the Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants and animals between the new and old worlds |
| Explain how the Spanish conquered the Aztec and the Inca. Be sure to list “who” and | Who: Aztec ruler- Montezuma Spanish conquistador-Cortes Inca ruler- Atahuallpa Spanish conquistador-Pizarro |
| Explain how the Spanish conquered the Aztec and the Inca “how” | How: Guns, germs and steel |
| Explain how the Spanish conquered the Aztec and the Inca “why" | Why: Glory, gold and God |
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