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chapter 14
| crusades | a series of war carried out by European Christians to gain control of the Holy Land from their Muslim rulers. |
| Holy Land | Region that included Jerusalem and the area around it, Considered holy by Jews, Christians, and Muslims |
| Pope Urban II | was the head of a cholatic chruch.He is best known for initiating the First Crusade and setting up the modern-day Roman Curia in the |
| Saladin | Muslim sultan and hero, he campaigned to drive the Christians from the Holy Land. He stopped an army of Crusaders under Richard the Lion- Herted of England |
| Richard the Lion-Hearted | King of England from 1189 to 1199, he fought in the Holy Land aganist Saladin during the third Crusade. He eventually ceased fighting and return to England |
| Hanseatic League | an organization of north- German cities and town that organized and controlled trade throughout northern Europe from the 1200s thorugh the 1400s |
| Credit | an arrangement by which a purchaser borrows money from a bank or other lender and agrees to pay it back over time. |
| Guilds | associations of people who worked at the some craft or trade during the middle ages |
| apprentice | a person who learns a sill under a master of the trade |
| Journeyman | a skilled worker who was paid wages by the master of a guild |
| Gothic | a style of church architecture developed during the 1100s characterized by tall spires and flying buttresses |
| flying buttress | an arched stone support on the outside of buliding, which allows buliders to construct higher walls |
| illumination | the process of decorating a written manuscript with pictures or designs |
| Hildegard of bingen | Medieval nun and author, she wrote dozen of poems and music to accompany them |
| troubadours | Traveling singers who entertained people during the middle ages |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | was a great englis poet known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to have been |
| Dante Alighieri | he was an intilty poet. was a major Italian poet of the Middle Ages. His Divine Comedy, originally called Comedìa |
| Thomas Aquinas | Italian philosopher and theologain, he argued that rational thought could be used to support roman Catholic belief |
| Scholasticism | in the middle ages, the teological and philosophical school of thought that attempted to reconcile faith and reason |
| Heresy | an opinion that goes against the teaching of a church |
| Inquisitions | institution of the roman Catholic church that sought to eliminate Heresy be seeking out and punishing heretics, especially active in spian in the later 1400s and 1500s |
| Friars | member of certian roman Catholic religious orders, first prominent in the Europe of the late middle Ages, unlike monks, friars preached in town |
| Hundred Years War | war fought between France and Englan for control of the Franch throne |
| Joan of Arc | French solider and national heroine, she ralled the French troops during the hundred years war and was burned at the stakes for heresy |
| Wars of the Roses | civil war for the English crown between the york(white rose) and lancaster (red rose) familes. |
| Henry VII | King of England, he was the first king from the house of tudor, his defeat of richard III and his assumption of the throne marked the end of the wars of the roses and the begginging of a new era in England history |
| Black Death | a terrible outbreak of bubonic plague that swept through Europe, beginning in 1347 |
Created by:
georgebates
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