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Biology Chapter 18
| Question | Answer | Term | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| What is the use of the down feather on the animals in the Class Aves? | insulation | Shell: | lime; thick outer coating |
| What is the use of the contour feather on the animals in the Class Aves | Flight, shape, and color | Amnion: | sac surrounding the embryo of the egg |
| what body shape does the birds have? | spindle-shaped with head, neck, trunk, and tail. | Amniotic fluid: | protects and moistens the embryo of the egg |
| the neck of the birds are usually what? | long and flexible | Embryo: | developing bird |
| Class Aves bones are made up of what type of bone? | hollow bones | Chorion: | Membrane around embryo and yolk sac |
| the sternum of the birds are usually what? | keeled | Yolk sac: | Nutrients for the developing bird |
| The Clavicle of the birds is usually what? | fused | Blood Vessels: | Leads to embryo from yolk sac |
| How many heart chambers does the Class Aves have? | 4 chambers | Allantois: | respiration; receives waste |
| are Class Aves animals endothermic or ectothermic and what does it mean? | Endothermic, meaning warm-blooded | Albumin: | Egg white: unfertilized egg |
| The digestive system of the bird has what? | crop and gizzard | Air space: | provides cushioning and air supply: unfertilized egg |
| Why are birds often seen eating sand? | the grit they pick up assist in the grinding of food in the gizzard | Shell membrane: | Becomes chorion; underneath shell; unfertilized egg |
| what structure in birds is used for sound? | the syrinx | Yolk: | Nutrient source; unfertilized egg |
| what does the excretory system of the birds lack and contain? | they lack bladders, but contain a pair of kidneys that empty continually. | Chalaza: | Helps suspend embryo and yolk sac; unfertilized egg |
| what does the reproduction of Class Aves look like? | Class Aves are oviparous with and egg enclosed in lime-containing shell. | ||
| what does precocial mean? | it means a longer gestation period, and when the egg hatches, the animal will be prepared for life. | ||
| What does altricial mean? | it means the gestation period is shorter and when born, the animal is helpless. | ||
| What is preening? | it is the spreading of oil by birds to keep feather neatly arranged. | ||
| What are the 4 ways a bird keeps lightweight? | One, the have hollow bones, two, their digestive system empties continually, three, their kidneys empty continually, and four, their air sacs are never full. | ||
| What animals do the Class Aves hold? | the birds | ||
| What body covering is crucial for an organism to be categorized in the Class Mammalia? | hair or fur | ||
| what are a few types of hair? | guard hair, under hair, and whiskers | ||
| what is structure used for eating that all mammals have? | teeth | ||
| what are the three different types of teeth? | incisors, canines, and molars. | ||
| what is the function of the incisors? | cutting | ||
| what is the function of the canines? | tearing | ||
| what is the function of the molars? | chewing and grinding | ||
| how many pairs of limbs do mammals usually have? | 2 pairs designed for running, climbing, digging, grasping, swimming, or flying | ||
| how do mammals breath? | with lungs | ||
| What structure, between the thorax and abdomen of mammals, assists in breathing? | the diaphragm | ||
| how many heart chambers does the mammals have? | 4 chambers | ||
| are animals in Class Mammalia endothermic or ectothermic and what does it mean? | endothermic, meaning warm-blooded. | ||
| what is the reproduction of the Class Mammalia? | viviparous with young sustained in uterus by placenta and an umbilical cord; some are oviparous and lack placenta. | ||
| what is a characteristic given to the Class Mammalia dealing with the feeding of young? | milk secreted by mammary glands | ||
| Order Monotremata is home to what Mammals? | the duck-billed platypuses with are egg-laying mammals(Oviparous) | ||
| Order Marsupialia is home to what Mammals? | the kangaroos, koalas, and opossums, which are pouched mammals who lack placenta | ||
| What are the characteristics of the Oder Rodentia of the placental Mammals? | they are the chewing mammals, like the rats, squirrels, mice, porcupines, and beavers, whose incisors grow constantly |
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