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PDX Definitions
Nose, Mouth & Oropharynx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hx or obvious broken nose may predispose a patient to what? | sinusitis |
| Tenderness of the nasal tip or ale may suggest what? | local infection such as a furuncle |
| Reddened & swollen mucosa suggests what? | viral rhinitis |
| Pale, bluish or red mucosa suggests what? | allergic rhinitis |
| Septal perforations causes include what? | trauma, surgery and cocaine or amphetamine use |
| Pale semi-translucent masses that usually come from the middle meatus | Polyps |
| Epistaxis may result from what? | trauma, chronic nose-blowing, pregnancy, blood-clotting disorders, chronic alcohol/drug abuse, NSAIDS, corticosteroids... |
| White or yellow oval with an inflamed red border is what? | Apthous stomatitis (canker sore or aphthous ulcer) |
| Inflammatory lesion at the labial commisure or corner of the mouth | Angular Cheilitis |
| Small sometimes painful fluid filled reddish or purple blisters around the lips or corners of the mouth | Labial HSV1 (cold sores or fever blisters) |
| What happens to cold sores over several days? | blisters tend to merge and then collapse, a yellowish crust often forms over the sores |
| Inflammation of the lip and what does it suggest? | cheilitis; vitamin B12 or iron deficiency, allergy or precursor to skin cancer |
| Swelling of the lip and is caused by what? | angioedema; allergic reaction |
| How does carcinoma of the lip present? | scaly plaque, ulcer with or without a crust or as a nodular lesion |
| Condition where patches of keratosis appear as adherent whitet patches on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, including the tongue | leukoplakia |
| Beefy, red tongue is caused by what | pernnnicious anemia |
| Map-like appearance of your tongue due to irregular patches on its surface | geographic tongue |
| What's the 2nd most cancer of the mouth? | cancer of the tongue |
| Suspects of cancer in the mouth include | Any persistent nodule or uler, red or white. Induration increases the possibility |
| Most common location of cancer in the mouth? | side of tongue at its base |
| What may be present in individuals who bite their cheeks and those with platelet disorders? | petechiae |
| Grinding of ones teeth is what and what may be a sign of this? | bruxism; bite marks |
| Normal color of the gums | pink or patchy browness(People with Dark-Skin) |
| Gingival hyperplasia may be caused by what? | Dilantin (seizure) therapy, puberty, pregnancy and leukemia |
| Congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenulum. Often found in who? | ankyloglossia AKA tongue-tie; infants that have difficulty breast-feeding |
| Xerostomia may be caused by what? | Meds, Sjogren's or nutrition |
| Sialorrhea may be caused by what? | Meds, Parkinson's or GERD |
| Another name for parotid gland ducts | Stensen's Ducts |
| Another name for submandibular gland ducts | Wharton Ducts |
| Which ducts open on the buccal mucosa opposite the 2nd molar on each side of the upper jaw? | Stensen's Ducts |
| Ducts under the gongue on each side of the frenulum? | Wharton Ducts |
| ____ empties into the ____ 50% of the time | sublingual; submandibular |
| Midline bony growth in the hard palate that is fairly common in adults | Torus Palatinus |
| Torus Palatinus may contribute to what or a characteristic of what? | migraines; acromegaly |
| Most common in viral and bacterial infections? | pharyngitis |
| Red throat with white exudate on the tonsils? Due to what? | tonsilitis; strep or mono |
| CN associated with the tongue? | CN 12 |
| CN assessment of the tongue? | Protrude tongue noting deviation, strength of tongue can be tested by having the patient push hi/her tongue inside of each cheek, and feeling how strongly he/she can resist against a finger pushed against the outside of the cheek |
| Ipsilateral deviation of the tongue indicates what? | LMN lesion and will have corresponding fasiculations & atrophy |
| Contralateral deviation of the tongue indicates what? | UMN lesion with NO fasiculations or atrophy |
| Weakness of the tongue is displayed as what? | slurring of speech, tongue may feel thick, heavy or clumsy, lingual sound are slurred (e's, l's t's, d's, n's, r's) |
| Fasciculations of the tongue may be a sign of what? | motor neuron disease |
| CN's that assess the gag reflex are what? | CN 9 and CN 10 |
| Disorders that may cause and abnormal gag reflex include what? | movement disorders myasthenia gravis, stroke, dementia & cervical spine surgery |
| How does one assess CN's 9 and 10? | gag reflex for palatal sensation, phonation/voice pitch and quality/palatal movement |
| Having the patient say "me, me, me" tests what CN | 7 |
| Having the patient say "la, la, la" tests what CN? | 12 |
| Having the patent say "da, da, da; ka, ka, ka" tests what CN? | 9 and 10 |
| Having the patient say "ahhhh" tests for what? | voice tremor, hypophonia, etc... |
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