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Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Culture

TermDefinition
artifact object made by human beings
core the zone of the greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region
culture the shared understandings that guide behavior and values and condition a group's perception of the world. it is learned from one generation to the next and evolves over time.
culture hearth a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward
custom a repetitive act of a group performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic
domain outside the core of the culture region in which the culture is still dominate but less intense
environmental determinism the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development, also referred to as environmentalism
folk culture culture traditionally practiced by a small,homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups
habit a repetitive act that a particular individual performs
material culture the physical manifestations of human activities; includes tools, campsites, art and structures. the most durable aspects of culture
popular culture culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics
possiblism the theory that the physical may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
region an area characterized by similarity or by cohesiveness that sets it apart from other areas
taboo a restriction on behavior imposed by social customs
acculturation cultural changes of a society on contact with a different one
assimilation the merging of cultural traits; the loss of original differentiating traits
cultural core/periphery pattern the notion that as one region expands in economic prosperity, it must immerse outlying regions to ensure ongoing economic/political success
cultural ecology the studies between a given society and its natural environment and it's inhabitants
cultural identity ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural group
cultural landscape portrays how humans have used and adopted natural resources over time; agriculture or settlement
cultural realm entire region throughout which a culture exists
formal culture region region marked by relative uniformity of characteristics
functional culture region area organized around a focal point
vernacular culture region area that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity
difussion type the process of the spread of a feature/trend from one place to another
expansion-diffusion spread of a feature/trend among people from one area to another; snowballing process
hierarchical-diffusion the spread of a feature/trend from one key person
contagious-diffusion the rapid widespread diffusion of a feature/trend throughout a population
stimulus-diffusion the spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected
relocation-diffusion the spread of a feature/trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
innovation adoption the study of how, why, and what rate new technology spreads throughout a culture
maladaptive diffusion the diffusion of a process negative side effects or what works well in one region may not in another
sequent occupance the general understanding that societies leave their "people" on a place each contributing to cultural landscape
adaptive strategies society's system of economic production
characteristics a distinguishing trait
built environment a man-made surrounding that provides the setting for human activity
folk house the housing stock predominantly reflects styles of building of the aboriginal residents
folk songs the traditional songs of a cultural group
folklore the body of expressive culture including tales, music, dances, legends, oral history, jokes, popular beliefs, customs, etc.
traditional architecture folk culture homes and vernacular landscapes
Created by: dnabrown97
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