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PSY 416 Ch. 3
Attention
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Selectivity | The selective aspects of attention--we pay attention to some aspects of our enviornment and ignore other aspects. |
Bottleneck Theory | A theory that attempts to explain how people select info when some info=processing stage becomes overloaded with too much information |
Concentration | investing mental effort in one or more tasks |
Mental Effort | The amount of mental capacity required to perform a task. |
Capacity Theory | A theory that proposes that we have a limited amount of mental effort to distrobute across tasks, so there are limitations on the number of tasks we can perform at the same time. |
Filter Model | The proposition that a bottleneck occurs at the pattern recognition stage and that attention determines what info reaches the pattern recognition stage. |
Limited-capacity perceptual channel | The pattern recognition stage of Broadbent's model, which is protected by the filter (attention) from becoming overloaded with too much perceptual info. |
Shadowing | An experimental method that requires people to repeat the attended message out loud. |
Contextual Effect | The influence of the surrounding context on the recognition of patterns. |
Threshold | The minimal amoung of activation required to become consciously aware of a stimulus. |
Attenuation | A decrease in the perceived loudness of an unattended message. |
Late-Selection Model | Proposal that the bottle-neck occurs when info is selected for memory. |
Allocation of Capactiy | When a limited amound of capacity is distributed to various tasks. |
Arousal | A physiological state that influences the distribution of mental capacity to various tasks. |
Enduring Disposition | An automatic influence where people direct their attention. |
Momentary Intention | A conscious decision to allocate attention to certain tasks or aspects of the environment. |
Multimode Theory | A theory that proposes that people's intentions and the demands of the task determine the IP stage at which info is selected. |
Subsidiary Task | A task that typically measures how quickly people can react to a target stimulus to evaluate the capacity demands of the primary task. |
Automatic Processing | Performing mental operations that require very little mental effort. |
Stroop Effect | The finding that it takes longer to name the color of the ink a word is printed when the word is the name of a competing color (i.e. the word red printed in blue ink) |
Incidental Learning | Learning that occurs when we do not make a conscious effort to learn. |