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WH 10: Unit 1
Renaissance & Reformation Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | Rebirth of art and learning from the years 1300-1600 |
| Humanism | A deep interest in what people have already achieved as well as what they could achieve in the future |
| Secularism | Distance from religion. |
| Patronage | The act of sponsoring and paying artists, writers, and musicians to create works of art. |
| Perspective | A new technique in painting that allows a painter to create the illusion that the painting is three-dimensional |
| Michelangelo | An architect, sculptor, and painter, who is famous for painting the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel as well as creating a statue of David |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Was a painter, scientist, and an inventor. His most famous paintings are the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper |
| Vernacular | Any language other than classical Latin. |
| Dante | Renaissance writer who wrote the Divine Comedy which is an epic poem. |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Renaissance writer who wrote The Prince |
| Thomas More | Northern Renaissance writer who wrote a book about an imaginary ideal society where greed, war, and conflict do not exist, Utopia. |
| William Shakespeare | Renaissance playwright and poet. |
| Johann Gutengerg | Creator of the printing press. |
| Printing press | Device that made the production of books cheaper and faster. |
| John Wycliffe | English University professor who was "anti-clergy" and is known as one of the first reformers. |
| Jan Huss | A Czech priest who wanted to reform the Catholic Church before Martin Luther and was burned at the stake. He is also known as one of the first reformers. |
| Martin Luther | A German monk and professor who protested the actions of a corrupt Catholic Church. He started the Reformation. |
| 95 Theses | A document of Luther's 95 complaints about the wrong doing of the Catholic Church |
| Reformation | the movement for religious reform that led to the founding of new Christian Churches known as Protestant churches because they are Christian but not Catholic |
| Protestants | People who consider themselves to be Christian but not Catholic |
| Indulgences | "Tickets to heaven" pieces of paper that you could by from the Catholic Church that would release people from their sins. (Buying your way into heaven) |
| Hapsburg | Ruling family of the Holy Roman Empire, Emperor Charles V was one of them, they were all VERY Catholic |
| Henry VIII | King of England who took England out of the Catholic Church because the church wouldn't grant him an annulment so that he could re-marry because he needed a male heir to the English throne |
| Annulment | Functions like a divorce in the sense that it claims that the marriage is over because it was never valid. |
| Church of England (Anglican Church) | The church that was created by Henry VIII and then later confirmed by Elizabeth I |
| Mary I | Becomes Queen of England when her father Henry VIII dies. She attempts to make England a part of the Catholic Church again. And burns many at the stake for being Anglican. |
| Elizabeth I | Becomes Queen of England after her older sister Mary I dies. She is remembered for restoring the Anglican Church & defeating the Spanish Armada |
| Spanish Armada | Spanish navy that were defeated by the British navy in 1588 |
| John Calvin | Led a protestant church group and believed in predestination |
| Predestination | The idea that God already knows who is going to be saved and who is not going to be saved |
| Huguenots | French Protestants |
| Edict of Nantes | A law that allowed French Protestants (Huguenots) rights in a still mostly Catholic nation. |
| Henry IV of France | Created the Edict of Nantes in order to promote religious tolerance |
| Counter Reformation | The Catholic Church's attempt to reform itself. |
| Ignatius | Founder of Society of Jesus or the Jesuits |
| The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) | A group of Catholics who worked together to build schools and spread Catholicism |
| Council of Trent | Meeting of Catholic Church officials called by the Pope where it was agreed that the Church's interpretation of the Bible was final, Christians needed good works and faith to win salvation, and indulgences could still be sold |
| Inquisition | A series of trials that tried to find, try, and punish individuals who broke the rules of the Catholic Church. |
| Thirty Years War | Religious war between the Protestants and the Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire |
| Cardinal Richelieu | An adviser to the French King who encouraged France to get involved in the Thirty Years War in order to weaken the Hapsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire |
| Erasmus | Northern Renaissance writer who wrote In Praise of Folly. |
Created by:
thompsonce
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