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Cell Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Animal cell The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and are often called the "building blocks of life"
Plant cell a cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant
Bacterial cell Bacteria, despite their simplicity, contain a well-developed cell structure which is responsible for many of their unique biological properties. Many structural features are unique to bacteria and are not found among archaea or eukaryotes
Mitochondrian A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism, including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy.
Ribosome n. A minute round particle composed of RNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm of living cells and serves as the site of assembly for polypeptides encoded by messenger RNA.
Vesicles . A small bladderlike cell or cavity
Nucleus 1. A central or essential part around which other parts are gathered or grouped; a core: the nucleus of a city.
Chloroplast n. A chlorophyll-containing plastid found in algal and green plant cells.
Golgi Apparatus A network of stacked membranous vesicles present in most living cells that functions in the formation of secretions within the cell. Also called Golgi body, Golgi complex.
Cell Membrane The semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. Also called cytomembrane, plasmalemma, plasma membrane.
Cell wall The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells.
Cytoskeleton Central Vacuole a conspicuous internal reinforcement in the cytoplasm of a cell, consisting of tonofibrils, filaments of the terminal web, and other microfilaments.cytosk
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum 1. Having a surface free from irregularities, roughness, or projections; even. See Synonyms at level.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum parts of the endoplasmic reticulum to which ribosomes are attached on the cytoplasmic side; involved in the biosynthesis of proteins for export to the outside of the cell and enzymes to be incorporated into cellular organelles such as lysosomes.
Lysosome A membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various hydrolytic enzymes that function in intracellular digestion.
Centriole n. One of two cylindrical cellular structures that are composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis.
DNA A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases ad
Flagellum 1. Biology A long, threadlike appendage, especially a whiplike extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms that functions as an organ of locomotio
Capsule a tough sheath or membrane that encloses something in the body, such as a kidney, a lens, or a synovial joint.
Capsule 2. Anatomy A fibrous, membranous, or fatty sheath that encloses an organ or part, such as the sac surrounding the kidney or the fibrous tissues that surround a joint.
Prokaryotic Cells n. An organism of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes.
Eukaryotic Cells n. A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus.
Organelles n. A differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function.
Unicellular Having or consisting of one cell; one-celled: unicellular organisms.
Multicellular Having or consisting of many cells: multicellular organisms.
cell theory the tenet in biology that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms.
Nuclear Membrane The double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell. Also called nuclear envelope.
Nuclear envelope nuclear envelope The double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The nuclear envelope has pores that allow the passage of materials into and out of the nucleus. Also called nuclear membrane.
Nucleolus A small, typically round granular body composed of protein and RNA in the nucleus of a cell. It is usually associated with a specific chromosomal site and involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and the formation of ribosomes.
Created by: Nely123
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