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Ch. 16
Ch. 16 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Conquistador | a conqueror, esp. one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. |
| Immunity | the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells. |
| alliance | a union or association formed for mutual benefit, esp. between countries or organizations. |
| Civil War | a war between citizens of the same country. |
| Viceroy | a ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign. |
| Plantation | an estate on which crops such as coffee, sugar, and tobacco are cultivated by resident labor. |
| Encomienda | a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. |
| Peon | a Spanish-American day laborer or unskilled farm worker. |
| Peninsular | In the colonial caste system of Spanish America and Spanish Philippines, a peninsular was a Spanish-born Spaniard or mainland Spaniard residing in the New World |
| Creole | a person of mixed European and black descent, esp. in the Caribbean. |
| Mestizo | (in Latin America) a man of mixed race, esp. the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian. |
| Mulatto | a person of mixed white and black ancestry, esp. a person with one white and one black parent. |
| Privateer | an armed ship owned and officered by private individuals holding a government commission and authorized for use in war, esp. in the capture of enemy merchant shipping. |
| Missionary | a person sent on a religious mission, esp. one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country. |
| Revenue | income, esp. when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature. |
| Compact | closely and neatly packed together; dense. |
| Triangular Trade | a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another. |
| Repeal | revoke or annul (a law or congressional act). |
| Monopoly | the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service. |
| Inflation | the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated. |
| Capitalism | an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. |
| Entrepreneur | a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so. |
| Joint Stock Company | a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders. |
| Mercantilism | belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism. |
| Tariff | a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports. |
| Tainos | a member of an extinct Arawak people formerly inhabiting the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. |
| Hernan Cortez | Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire |
| Malinche | known also as Malinalli, Malintzin or Doña Marina, was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as an interpreter, advisor, lover, and intermediary for Hernán Cortés. |
| Francisco Pizarro | Francisco Pizarro González was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire |
| Atahualpa | Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa or Atawallpa was the last Sapa Inca of the Tawantinsuyu before the Spanish conquest. |
| Council of the Indies | a Council of the Indies; officially, the Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies was the most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire |
| Bartolome de las Casas | O.P., was a 16th-century Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar. He became the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians". |
| New laws of the Indies | The New Laws, in Spanish Leyes Nuevas, issued November 20, 1542 by King ... are also known as the "New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment |
| Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz | Sister Juana Inés de la Cruz, O.S.H., was a self-taught scholar and poet of the Baroque school, and Hieronymite nun of New Spain. |
| Moctezuma | also known by a number of variant spellings including Montezuma, Moteuczoma, Motecuhzoma and referred to in full by early Nahuatl texts as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin, was the ninth tlatoani |
| Samuel de Champlain | Samuel de Champlain, "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608. |
| Louis XIV | Louis XIV, known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death. |
| Jamestown | Jamestown was a settlement in the Colony of Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. |
| Pilgrims | a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons. |
| Mayflower Compact | The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the Separatists, sometimes referred to as the "Saints", fleeing from religious persecution by King James of England. |
| French and Indian War | a war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by American Indian tribes); 1755-1760 |
| Treaty of Paris | The Treaty of Paris was a treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England, agreed to on December 4, 1259 ending 100 years of conflicts between Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties. |
| Middle Passage | was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. |
| Asante | a member of a people of south central Ghana. |
| Usman dan Fodio | born Usuman ɓii Foduye, was the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1809, a religious teacher, writer and Islamic promoter. |
| Boer | a member of the Dutch and Huguenot population that settled in southern Africa in the late 17th century. |
| Shaka | kaSenzangakhona, also known as Shaka Zulu, was the most influential leader of the Zulu Kingdom. |
| Great Trek | The Great Trek was an eastward and north-eastward migration away from British control in the Cape Colony during the 1830s and 1840s by Boers. |
| Columbian Exchange | The Columbian Exchange was a widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations |
| Commercial revolution | The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the 16th century until the early 18th century. |
| Putting-out system | The putting-out system is a means of subcontracting work. |
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