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Ch 10 Vocab. Ap Geo.
Vocabulary for chapter 10 of The cultural landscape an intro. to human geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agribusiness | comercial agriculture by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations |
| Agricultural revolution | the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering |
| Aquaculture (or aquafarming) | the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions |
| Cereal grain (or cereal) | grass that yields grain for food |
| Chaff | husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing |
| Combine | machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field |
| Commercial agriculture | agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm |
| Crop | any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season |
| Crop rotation | practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil |
| Desertification | degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. also known as semiarid land degradation |
| Dietary energy consumption | amount of food that an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories (calories in the US) |
| Double cropping | harvesting twice a year from the same field |
| Food security | physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life |
| Grain | seed of a cereal grass |
| Green revolution | rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers |
| Horticulture | growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers |
| Hull | outer covering of a seed |
| Intensive subsistence agriculture | form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land |
| Milkshed | area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied |
| Paddy | Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah |
| Pastoral nomadism | form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals |
| Pasture | grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing |
| Plantation | large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country |
| Prime agricultural land | most productive farmland |
| Ranching | form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area |
| Reaper | machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field |
| Ridge tillage | system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation |
| Sawah | flooded field for growing rice |
| Shifting cultivation | form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period |
| Slash-and-burn agriculture | another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris |
| Spring wheat | wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer |
| Subsistence agriculture | agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family |
| Sustainable agriculture | farming methods that preserve longterm productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-resisting crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides |
| Swidden | patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning |
| Thresh | beat out grain from stalks |
| Transhumance | seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture |
| Truck farming | commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning "bartering" or exchange of commodities" |
| Undernourishment | dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaing a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity |
| Wet rice | rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth |
| Winnow | remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind |
| Winter wheat | wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer |
Created by:
ivanderzon17
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