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Ch 9 Vocab AP Geo
Vocabulary for Ch 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active solar energy | Solar energy systems that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices such as photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors |
| Adolescent fertility rate | Number of births per 1,000 womb ages 15-19 |
| Biomass fuel | Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste |
| Breeder reactor | Nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium |
| Demand | Quantity of something that consumers are willing and able to buy |
| Developed country(MDC or relatively developed country) | Country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. |
| Developing country | Country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development. |
| Fair trade | Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker-owned and democratically run cooperatives & requires employers to pay workers wages, permit |
| Female labor force participation rate | Percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside home |
| Fission | Splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy |
| Foreign direct investment | Investment made by foreign company in the economy of another country |
| Fossil fuel | Energy source found formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago |
| Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) | Pumping of water at high pressure to break apart rocks in order to release natural gas |
| Fusion | Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium |
| Gender inequality index | Measure of the extent of each country's gender inequality |
| Geothermal energy | Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks |
| Gross domestic product | Value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period |
| Gross national income | Value of the output of goods & services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country |
| Housing bubble | Rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value |
| Human development index | indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the UN, that's based on income, literacy, education, & life expectancy |
| Hydroelectric power | Power generated by moving water |
| Inequality-adjusted HDI | Modification of the HDI to account for inequality within a country |
| Literacy rate | Percentage of a country's people who can read & write |
| Maternal mortality ratio | Number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births |
| Microfinance | Provision of small loans & other financial services to individuals & small businesses in developing countries |
| Millennium Development Goals | Eight international development goals that all members of the UN have agreed to achieve by 2015 |
| Nonrenewable energy | Source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted |
| Passive solar energy systems | Solar energy systems that collect energy without the use of mechanical devices |
| Photovoltaic cell | Solar energy cell, usually made from silicon, that collects solar rays to generate electricity |
| Potential reserve | Amount of a resource in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist |
| Primary sector | Portion of the economy concerned with direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, & forestry |
| Productivity | Value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it |
| Proven reserve | Amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits |
| Purchasing power parity | Amount of money needed in one country to purchase same goods & services in another country; PPP adjusts income figures to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods |
| Radioactive waste | Materials from a nuclear redaction that emit radiation; contact with such particles may be harmful or lethal to people; therefore, the materials must be safely stored for thousands of years |
| Renewable energy | Resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply & is not depleted when used |
| Secondary sector | Portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, & assembling raw materials |
| Structural adjustment program | Economic policies imposed on LDCs by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing govern.spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities 2 private, & charging more 4 service |
| supply | Quantity of something that producers have available for sale |
| Tertiary Sector | Portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, & utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods & services to people in exchange for payment |
| Uneven development | Development of core regions at the expense of those on the periphery |
| Value added | Gross value of a product minus the costs of raw materials & energy |
Created by:
ivanderzon17
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