click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 1
Nature and Perspectives
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. |
Arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. |
Base line | An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States. |
Cartography | The science of making maps. |
Concentration | The spread of something over a given area. |
Connections | Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space. |
Contagious diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population. |
Cultural ecology | Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships. |
Cultural landscape | Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. |
Culture | The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group's distinct tradition. |
Density | The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area. |
Diffusion | The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time. |
Distance decay | The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. |
Distribution | The arrangement of something across the Earth's surface. |
Environmental determinism | A nineteenth and early-twentieth century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. |
Expansion diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process. |
Formal region | An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics. |
Functional region (Nodal region) | An area organized around a node or focal point. |
Geographic information system (GIS) | A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data. |
Global positioning system (GPS) | A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers. |
Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope. |
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) | The time in that zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degree longitude. |
Hearth | The region from which innovative ideas originate. |
Hierarchical diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. |
International Date Line | An arc that for the most part follows 180 degree longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. |
Land Ordinance of 1785 | A law that divided much of the United States into townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers. |
Latitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator. |
Location | The position of anything on the Earth's surface. |
Longitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian. |
Map | A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it. |
Mental map | A representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in place and where places are located. |
Meridian | An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles. |
Parallel | A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians. |
Pattern | The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area. |
Physiological density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. |
Place | A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character. |
Polder | Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area. |
Possibilism | The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust tot he physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives. |
Prime meridian | The meridian, designated as 0 degree longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England. |
Principal meridian | A north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States. |
Projection | The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map. |
Region | An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features. |
Regional studies | An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area. |
Relocation diffusion | The spread of a feature of trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. |
Remote sensing | The acquisition of data about the Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods. |
Resource | A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use. |
Scale | Generally, the relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and Earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the actual size of the object on the Earth's surface. |
Section | A square normally 1 mile on a side. |
Site | The physical character of a place. |
Situation | The location of a place relative to another place. |
Space | The physical gap or interval between two objects. |
Space-time compression | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems. |
Stimulus diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected. |
Topoynm | The name given to a portion of Earth's surface. |
Township | A square normally 6 miles on a side. |
Transnational corporation | A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. |
Uneven development | The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy. |
Vernacular region | An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. |