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grade 7 science
chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| prokaryote | a cell with no nucleus |
| binary fission | bacteria reproduce by a type of simple cell division |
| endospores | a bacterium surrounded by a thick, protective membrane |
| flagellum | a slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim |
| consumers | An organism that generally obtains food by feeding on other organisms or organic matter due to lack of the ability to manufacture own food from inorganic sources; a heterotroph. |
| producers | The first trophic level in a food chain in which it serves as a food source for consumers or for higher trophic levels |
| chloropyll | a green pigment found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants |
| decomposers | An organism whose ecological function involves the recycling of nutrients by performing the natural process of decomposition as it feeds on dead or decaying organisms. |
| spirilla | long, spiral-shaped bacteria, move easily in a corkscrew motion, using flagella at both ends |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria, long surface area, helps them absorb nutrients, can dry out easily |
| cocci | spherical bacteria more resistant to drying out than rod-shaped bacteria |
| cyanobacteria | predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll; occur singly or in colonies in diverse habitats; important as phytoplankton |
| archaebacteria | microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but radically different in molecular organization. They are now believed to constitute an ancient intermediate group between the bacteria and eukaryotes. |
| nitrogen-fixing bacteria | consume nitrogen in the air and changes it into a form that plants can use |
| bioremediation | the use of bacteria and other microorganisms to change pollutants into harmless chemicals, used to clean up wastes |
| escherichia coli | a species of bacterium normally present in intestinal tract of humans and other animals; sometimes pathogenic; can be a threat to food safety |
| antibiotics | medicines used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms |
| insulin | a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes |
| diabetes | a metabolic disease in which the body’s inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood. |
| coli | of or relating to bacteria normally inhabiting the intestine or colon and especially to species of the genus Escherichia |
| lactic-acid bacteria | bacteria (LAB) are bacteria that are common to the dairy industry |
| pathogenic bacteria | bacteria that cause bacterial infection |
| virus | a microscopic particle that invades a cell and often destroys it |
| host | an organism that supports a parasite |
| cystal shape virus | array of colloid particles |
| sphere shape virus | icosahedral or quasi-spherical viruses |
| cylinder shape virus | The tobacco mosaic virus is shaped like a cylinder and attacks tobacco plants. |
| spacecraft shape virus | One group of viruses attacks only bacteria. |
| lytic cycle | The lytic cycle is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction, the other being the lysogenic cycle. The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane. |
| lysogenic cycle | is one of two methods of viral reproduction. Lysogeny is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or formation of a circular replicon in the bacterium's cytoplasm |
| binary fission | he subdivision of a cell into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts into separate cells |
| eubacteria | a large group typically having simple cells with rigid cell walls |
| cyanobacteria | predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll; occur singly or in colonies in diverse habitat |
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colts
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