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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Kong Fuzi | Confucius' real name. |
| Laozi | Founder of Daoism. |
| Confucianism | Philosophy advocating social harmony through moral example. Pushed importance of education and the family as model of state |
| Daoism | Withdrawal from the world into contemplation of nature. Ideals included simple living and the end of striving. |
| Upanishads | Newer Hindu text in relation to the Vedas that gave expression to the classical philosophy of Hinduism |
| Vedas | Older Hindu text containing ritual among other Hindu customs |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Religious reformer that founded Buddhism |
| Buddhism | Religion emerging in response to Hinduism in India. Would eventually move to China. Ideals included suffering caused by desire and that the end of suffering came through modest and moral living and meditation practice. |
| Zoroastrianism | Possibly the first monotheistic religion to appear. Originated in Persia from the prophet Zarathustra. Featured a good god, Ahura Mazda, and a bad god, Angra Mainyu. |
| Zarathustra | Persian prophet that founded Zoroastrianism. AKA Zoroaster |
| Judaism | Another monotheistic religion originating in Israel. Good God, Yahweh and evil spirit Satan. |
| Greek Rationalism | A philosophical outlook by Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Sought to explain things without using Greek mythology. |
| Socrates | Greek philosopher executed in Athens for supposedly "poisoning the minds of Athens children". |
| Plato | Philosopher and student of Socrates. Wrote "The Republic" outlining a good society. |
| Aristotle | Philosopher and student of Plato. Taught Alexander the Great |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Monotheism | Belief in one god |
| Mahavira | Founder of Jainism in India. |
| Jainism | The belief that all creatures have souls and purification comes through nonviolence. Believers were opposed to caste |
| Jesus | Founder of Christianity |
| Christianity | Resultant religion of Judaism. Belief in the Trinity and the resurrection of Jesus. Salvation through faith in Jesus Christ |
| Saint Paul | Very influential missionary for Christianity. |
| Zhou Dyanasty | Chinese dynasty beginning in 1122 BCE. Mandate of Heaven. |
| Mandate of Heaven | Zhou Dynasty belief that heaven will decided whether or not a ruler is doing a good job and whether or not they should be overthrown. |
| "Age of Warring States" | A period between the Zhou and Qin dynasties of political disunity and warring between various independent Chinese states. |
| Legalism | The belief that the solution to problems is in clearly layed out and strictly enforced rules and laws with a system of rewards and punishments. |
| Han Fei | A prominent Chinese Legalism philosopher |
| Shihuangdi | Led the harsh reunification of China into the Qin dynasty. |
| Qin Dynasty | Short dynasty lasting only around 15 years in which legalism was the state philosophy. Led by Shihuangdi |
| Han Dynasty | Dynasty succeeding the Qin. Drew on the teachings of Confucius. Was the Golden Age of Chinese culture. |
| The Analects | A compilation of Confucius' teachings by his followers. |
| "The relationships of Confucianism" | Husband>Son Husband>Wife Older brother>Younger brother |
| Ren | Confucian term for human-heartedness, benevolence, goodness, and nobility of heart. |
| Filial Piety | The honoring of one's ancestors and parents. Big in Confucianism |
| Ban Zhou | Female writer in China who advocated Confucius' teachings that women should subject themselves to men. Still advocated for women's advocation as a way for women to improve their service to men. |
| "Lessons for Women" | Work by Ban Zhou outlining the implication of Confucian thinking for women. |
| Daodejing | A short poetic volume penned by Laozi before he fled on his water buffalo. |
| Zhuangzi | Daoist philosopher that expressed the Daoist ideas in a more explicity fashion following Laozi's exit. |
| Dao | The central concept of Daoist thinking that refers to the way of nature, the underlying principle that governs all natural phenomenon. |
| Yin and Yang | A Daoist image that expressed a belief in the unity of opposites. |
| Yellow Turban Rebellion | A peasant rebellion from 184-204 CE fueled by Daoism as its central ideology. |
| Brahmins | Hindu priests |
| Sanskrit | A form of writing used in India normally read only by the cultural elite. |
| Brahman | The Hindu idea of the World Soul, the final and ultimate reality |
| Atman | The individual human soul in Hinduism |
| Moksha | Liberation, essentially one reaching their ultimate form. |
| Samsara | The notion of rebirth or reincarnation. |
| Karma | The law stating that one's position in their next life is based on their actions in the present. |
| Nirvana | Enlightenment, or heaven for Buddhists |
| Laws of Manu | Hindu text defining the place of women |
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1314Jacob_Taylor
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