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Chinese Society
Breakdown of social classes in classical era China
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Emperor Wudi | Emperor responsible for establishing Imperial Academy (124 BC) |
Imperial Academy | School for training potential government officials |
Scholar-gentry | Old and educated class that dominated China |
Wang Mang | High court official who usurped the Emperor in 8AD under Han Dyansty |
Reforms of Wang Mang | Government loans to peasants,limits on land ownership,end of private slavery |
Land | Main form of wealth |
Factors leading to Wang Mang's fall | Opposition from wealthy landlords,nomad invasions,poor harvests,floods, and famine |
Peasants | Vast majority of Chinese population, provided most labor |
Natural Problems for peasants | Famines, floods, droughts, and pests |
State Problems for peasants | Tax payments, required labor, and conscription |
Sharecroppers/Tenants | Form of work many peasants resorted to in Han Dynasty in which they farmed someone else's land and kept a certain percentage of the harvest, often minimal |
Yellow Turban Rebellion | Peasant rebellion with 360,000 armed followers with roots in Daoism |
Causes for Yellow Turban Rebellion | Floods along the Yellow River and resulting epidemics |
Merchants | Lowest class viewed as shameful and greedy by the Chinese elite |
Po Chu-I | Famous poet during Tang Dynasty |
Li Shen | Chinese poet from 8th century AD, famous for reflecting hardship of peasant life |
Daoism | Religious ideology used to unify the Yellow Turban Rebellion |
"Great Peace" | A golden age of complete equality, social harmony, and common ownership of property sought after by the peasants of the Yellow Turban Rebellion |
Civil Service Examinations | Test taken by Chinese youth to determine their occupation |
Merchant stereotypes | Unproductive, shameful for profiting from the work of others, greedy, luxury-loving, and materialistic |