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Atmosphere
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identify the order of the layers of the atmosphere starting with the layer closest to the ground. | troposphere, stratosphere,mesosphere, thermosphere (ionosphere, exosphere) |
| What layer of the atmosphere does weather occur? | troposphere |
| The stratosphere protects us from the sun's ultraviolet rays because of the ____________ ___________ | ozone layer |
| Why is the ionosphere important? | It contains charged particles that reflect radiowaves. |
| 21% of our atmosphere is made up of what kind of gas? | Oxygen |
| 78% of our atmosphere is made up of what kind of gas? | Nitrogen |
| Define air pressure. | The weight of air being pulled down on an area of Earth's atmosphere. |
| Why does air have pressure? | Air is matter. It takes up space and has mass. |
| When the altitude increases, what happens to the the air pressure? | Air pressure decreases because there is less air (atmosphere) above you. |
| When the altitude increases, what happens to the density of the air? | The density of the air decreases (air molecules and particles become more spread out) |
| Define weather. | Weather is the condition of the air surrounding Earth (atmosphere) |
| What are the two factors that affect air pressure? | temperature, altitude (amount of air above you) |
| Which layer of the atmosphere contains satellites orbiting the earth? | exosphere (thermosphere) |
| Why is the mesosphere important? | protects us from meteors (meteoroids burn up in this layer) |
| Identify two ways that the atmosphere makes life on Earth possible. | 1. provides us with Oxygen and other gases necessary for survival 2.Provides us with warmth, trapping in heat from the sun 3. provides us with liquid water, carries on the water cycle 4. protects from meteors 5. protects from UV rays |
| Explain how convection currents work. | When a fluid is heated, the fluid becomes warm and less dense causing it to rise. Then, the fluid begins to cool as it gets further away from the heat source. As it cools it becomes denser and sinks. This is a cycle that continues. |
| The thermosphere is composed of what two sub-levels? | ionosphere, exosphere |
| When water is heated in a can and then inverted in an ice bath, why does the can get crushed (implode)? | When heated, the water turns to vapor and pushes air molecules out of the can. When cooled, the vapor condenses leaving lots of empty space in the can. The pressure from the air outside of the can crushes the can and pushes water up in the empty space. |
| During the day, why is air directly above the hydrosphere likely to have a lower temperature than air directly above the geosphere? | Water takes a while to absorb heat from the sun, so it will not conduct as much heat to the air directly above it. This means the air will be cooler and denser than air directly above land. |
| Which has a higher air pressure, cool air or warm air? | cool air is denser, so it is more likely to sink. When the air sinks it puts more pressure on the ground beneath it. |
| What tool is used to measure air pressure? | barometer |
| Air pressure is typically measured in what two units? | millibars and inches |
| Why is the air pressure at the equator almost always lower than air pressure at the poles? | The equator receives direct sunlight all year round. This leads to warm temperatures. Warm air is less dense and rises, creating an area of low pressure. This is also why there are more storms along the equator. |
| What causes differences in air pressure? | Unequal heating of the earth causes differences in air temperature, which causes differences in air pressure. |
| Why does the temperature increase in the stratosphere? | The ozone molecules that make up the ozone layer absorb some of the heat radiated from the sun. |
| Which has more thermal energy? A. a cup of hot cocoa (103 degrees Fahrenheit) B. Lake Michigan (42 degrees Fahrenheit) | B. Lake Erie- it is not hotter, but it has more thermal energy because it has more total particles |
| The first step to heating Earth's atmosphere is: ______________. | Radiation from the sun. |
| The geosphere absorbs radiation from the sun and _____________ heat to the air directly above it. | conducts |
| Air warmed from the geosphere rises, then cools and falls. It then heats up again when it reaches the Earth. What is this process called? | convection |
| The transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves is called: | radiation |
| The transfer of heat through direct touch is called: | conduction |
| The transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid is called: | convection |
Created by:
Mrs.Koch
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