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6.1 Properties
Chemistry Chap 6
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solution | homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances |
solute | the componment of solution that is present in lesser quantity |
solvent | the solution component present in the largest quantity |
Aqueous solution | solution where the solvent is water |
This can be liquid as well as solids and gases | Solutions |
Air | oxygen and several trace gases are dissolved in the gaseous solvent, nitrogen |
Alloys | brass and other homogeneous metal mixtures in the solid state |
What are the general properties of liquid solution | clear, transparent, no visible particle May be colored or colorless Electrolytes are formed from Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate Volumes of solute and solvent are not additive solutes that are soluble ionic compounds |
Colloidal suspension | contains solute particles which are not uniformly distributed |
Colloidal Suspension properties | Due to larger size of particles (1nm - 200 nm) Appears identical to solution from the naked eye Smaller than 1 nm, have solution Larger than 1 nm, have a precipitate |
Tyndall Effect | the ability of a colloidal suspension to scatter light |
Tyndall Effect examples | See a haze when shining light through the mixture |
Solutions: | light passes right through without scattering |
Light as haze, scatters light | colloidal suspension |
no haze | solution |
Solubility | - how much of a particular solute can dissolve in a certain solvent at a specified temperature |
Factors which affect solubility: | Polarity of solute and solvent Temperature Pressure |
Pressure | Usually has no effect If solubility is of gas in liquid, directly proportional to applied pressure |
Temperature | Increase in temperature usually increases solubility |
Polarity of solute and solvent | The more different they are, the lower the solubility |
Saturated solution | - a solution that contains all the solute that can be dissolved at a particular temperature |
Supersaturated solution | - contains more solute than can be dissolved at the current temperature |
How is saturation done | Heat solvent, saturate it with solute then cool slowly Sometimes the excess will precipitate out If it doesn’t precipitate, the solution will be supersaturated |
Henry’s law | – the number of moles of a gas dissolved in a liquid at a given temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid |