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Ch.5-6 Study Guide
Study Guide
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Thermal Energy | The sum of the kinetic and the potential energy of the particles that make up material |
Temperature | Represents the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material. |
Heat | is the movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. |
Radiation | the transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves. All matter including the Sun transfers thermal energy by radiation. |
Conduction | The transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collisions of particles. Conduction continues until the thermal energy of all particles in contact is equal. |
Convection | is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another. Only occurs in fluids. |
Convection Current | movement of fluids in a cycle because of convection. Convection currents circulate the water in Earth's oceans and other bodies of water. This plays an important role in Earth's climates. |
Heating appliance | a device that converts electric energy into thermal energy. |
Thermostat | a device that regulates the temperature of a system. |
Refrigerator | device that uses electric energy to transfer thermal energy from a cooler location to a warmer location. |
Heat Engine | a machine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. |
Solids | matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles in a solid are close together (they vibrate back and forth). |
Liquids | matter with a definite volume but no definite shape. Liquids can flow and take the shape of their containers. Particles move faster than a solid and in turn move slightly father apart. |
Viscosity | a measurement of a liquids resistance to flow. |
Surface Tension | the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid. |
Gases | matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape. Particles move even farther apart than solids or liquids. Particles spread out to fill a container. |
Vapor | the gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature. |
Melting | change of matter from a solid to a liquid. Thermal energy must be added. |
Freezing | change from a liquid state to a solid state. |
Vaporization | change from a liquid to a gas. |
Boiling | vaporization that occurs within a liquid. |
Evaporation | vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid. |
Condensation | change of state from a gas to a liquid. |
Sublimation | change of state from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state. |
Deposition | change of state of a gas to a solid without going through the liquid state. |
Molecular Theory | is an explanation of how particles in matter behave. |
Pressure | is the amount of force applied per unit of area. When particles collide with their container, pressure results. |
Boyle's Law | states that pressure of a gas increases if the volume decreases and pressure of a gas decreases if the volume increases, when temperature is constant. |
Charles Law | states that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, if the pressure is constant |