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volcanoes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| volcano | A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes from the surface. |
| magma | Is a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. |
| lava | Magma that reaches the surface. |
| Ring of Fire | A major volcano belt that is formed by many volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean. |
| island arc | A string of islands that is caused by a resulting volcano. |
| hot spot | An area where material from deep within the mantle rises and then melts, forming magma. |
| element | A substance that cannot be broken down into another substance. |
| compound | A substance that is made up of two or more elements that have been chemically combined. |
| physical property | Any characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. |
| chemical property | A property that produces a change in the composition of the substance. |
| viscosity | The resistance of a liquid to flowing. |
| silica | Made up of particles of the elements oxygen and silicon. Silica is one of the abundant materials of the earth's crust. |
| pahoehoe | Fast-moving, hot lava that has low viscosity. |
| aa | Cooler slower-moving lava. |
| magma chamber | The pocket where magma collects. |
| pipe | A long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to earth's surface. |
| vent | Where molten rock and gas leave the volcano. |
| lava flow | The area covered by lava when it pours out the vent. |
| crater | A bowl-shaped area that may form at the top of the volcano around the central vent. |
| pyroclastic flow | The expultion of ash, cinders,bombs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption. |
| dormant | Describes a volcano that is not currently active, but may become active in the future. |
| extinct | Describes a volcano that is no longer active and is not likley to erupt again. |
| shield volcano | A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions. |
| cinder cone | A steep cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash,cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening. |
| composite volcano | A tall cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials. |
| caldera | The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses. |
| volcanic neck | A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe. |
| dike | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers. |
| sill | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma sqeezes between layers of rock. |
| batholith | A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust. |
| geothermal activity | The heating of undergroud water by magma. |
| geyser | A fountain of water and stream that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals. |
Created by:
elliedo
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