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Astronomy105
Exercise 10: Brightness and Color of Stars
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The apparent brightness (___________) of a star is the first step to finding its intrinsic brightness, or _____________. | apparent magnitude, Luminosity |
| ______________ tells us what the energy output of the star is. | Luminosity |
| What is the ultimate source of energy for the vast majority of the stars we study? | Nuclear reactions |
| The _____ of a star is related to the temperature of the star. | color |
| The color of a star is related to the ___________ of the star. | temperature |
| __________ is another basic characteristic that enables us to determine the conditions in the atmosphere of the star. | temperature |
| _________ is another basic characteristic that enables us to determine its chemical composition. | temperature |
| __________ is another basic characteristic that enables us to determine information to feed in to computer models that characterize the entire structure of the star. | temperature |
| Apparent magnitudes and _________ are usually measured with photometers or CCD cameras and filters. | colors |
| ____________ and colors are usually measured with photometers or CCD cameras and filters. | apparent magnitudes |
| Apparent magnitudes and colors are usually measured with __________ or CCD cameras and filters. | photometers |
| apparent magnitudes and colors are usually measured with photometers or ___________ and filters. | CCD cameras |
| apparent magnitudes and colors are usually measured with photometers or CCD cameras and ____________. | filters |
| Our goal is to use a_______ precise detector, the eye, to get some idea of the apparent brightness and colors of some bright stars. | less |
| Our goal is to use a less precise _________, the eye, to get some idea of the apparent brightness and colors of some bright stars. | detector |
| Our goal is to use a less precise detector, the eye, to get some idea of the _____________ and colors of some bright stars. | apparent brightness |
| Our goal is to use a less precise detector, the eye, to get some idea of the apparent brightness and ___________ of some bright stars. | colors |
| Our goal is to use a less precise detector, the eye, to get some idea of the apparent brightness and colors of some ________stars. | bright |
| ___________ is the logarithmic measure of the brightness of an object. | magnitude |
| magnitude is the ____________ measure of the brightness of an object. | logarithmic |
| magnitude is the logarithmic measure of the ____________ of an object. | brightness |
| magnitude is the logarithmic measure of the brightness of an __________. | object |
| _________________ is a measure of an objects luminosity; defined to be the apparent magnitude the object would have if it were located exactly 10 parsecs away. | Absolute magnitude |
| Absolute magnitude is a _________ of an objects luminosity; defined to be the apparent magnitude the object would have if it were located exactly 10 parsecs away. | measure |
| Absolute magnitude is a measure of an objects __________; defined to be the apparent magnitude the object would have if it were located exactly 10 parsecs away. | luminosity |
| Absolute magnitude is a measure of an objects luminosity; defined to be the ___________ the object would have if it were located exactly 10 parsecs away. | apparent magnitude |
| Absolute magnitude is a measure of an objects luminosity; defined to be the apparent magnitude the object would have if it were located exactly ___________ away. | 10 parsecs |
| _________ is the total power output of an object, usually measured in watts or in units of solar luminosities. | Luminosity |
| Luminosity is the ________________ of an object, usually measured in watts or in units of solar luminosities. | total power output |
| luminosity is the total power output of an object usually measured in _______ or in units of solar luminosities. | watts |
| luminosity is the total power output of an object usually measured in watts or in units of _______________________. | solar luminosities |
| _____________ is directly related to the magnitude of a star. | luminosity |
| luminosity is directly related to the ____________ of a star. | magnitude |
| ____________ is based on the amount of energy a star is putting out compared to our sun. | luminosity |
| luminosity is based on the amount of _________ a star is putting out compared to our sun. | energy |
| luminosity is based on the amount of energy a star is putting out compared to our __________. | sun |
| luminosity is based on the _________ of energy a star is ________ compared to our sun. | amount, putting out |
| ____________ is a simple numerical expression that determines the color of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature. | color index |
| color index is a simple ___________ expression that determines the color of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature. | numerical |
| color index is a simple numerical expression that determines the ________ of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature. | color |
| color index is a simple numerical expression that determines the color of an object which in the case of a star gives its ____________. | temperature |
| ____________ is a category for classifying a star according to features of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and chemical composition. | spectral type |
| spectral type is a ____________ for classifying a star according to features of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and chemical composition. | category |
| spectral type is a category for ________ a star according to features of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and chemical composition. | classifying |
| spectral type is a category for classifying a star according to __________ of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and chemical composition. | features |
| spectral type is a category for classifying a star according to features of its _________ spectrum that indicates its _____________ temperature and chemical composition. | spectrum, surface |
| spectral type is a category for classifying a star according to features of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and _____________. | chemical composition |
| ___________ is a graph in which the absolute the absolute magnitude of stars is plotted vertically against their surface temperatures. | H-R diagram |
| H-R diagram is a graph in which the _________________ of stars is plotted vertically against their surface temperatures. | absolute magnitude |
| H-R diagram is a graph in which the absolute magnitude of stars is plotted _____________ against their surface temperatures. | vertically |
| H-R diagram is a graph in which the absolute magnitude of stars is plotted vertically against their ____________. | surface temperatures |
| What shows a shows a strong correlation between luminosity and surface temperature among the average sized stars known as dwarfs? | H-R Diagram |
| H-R Diagram shows a strong ____________ between luminosity and surface temperature among the average sized stars known as dwarfs. | correlation |
| H-R Diagram shows a strong correlation between ___________and _____________among the average sized stars known as dwarfs. | luminosity,surface temperature |
| H-R Diagram shows a strong correlation between luminosity and surface temperature among the average sized stars known as_________. | dwarfs |
| H-R Diagram shows a strong correlation between luminosity and surface temperature ________ the average sized stars known as dwarfs. | among |
| ________________ is a diagonal band on the Hertzsprung Russell diagram containing about 90% of all known stars, stars evolve onto and then off the band during their life time | Main Sequence |
| What does H-R stand for? | Hertzsprung Russell |
| Main Sequence is a diagonal band on the Hertzsprung Russell diagram containing about ________ of all known stars, stars evolve onto and then off the band during their life time | 90% |
| Main Sequence is a diagonal band on the Hertzsprung Russell diagram containing about 90% of all known stars, stars ________ onto and then off the band during their life time | evolve |
| A _______________ is a very large, bright non-main-sequence star that burns hydrogen at a much faster rate than a dwarf star. | giant star |
| Giant stars are much more _______________ and have ____________ lifespans than the slower-burning dwarfs. The larger the giant, the shorter its lifespan. | luminous, shorter |
| A giant star is a very large, ________ non-main-sequence star that burns __________ at a much faster rate than a dwarf star. | bright, hydrogen |
| Giant stars are much more luminous and have shorter lifespans than the slower-burning _________. The larger the giant, the shorter its lifespan. | dwarfs |
| A giant star is a very large, bright non-main-sequence star that burns hydrogen at a much faster rate than a __________star. | dwarf |
| Giant stars are much more luminous and have shorter lifespans than the slower-burning dwarfs. The larger the _______, the shorter its __________. | giant, lifespan |
| A ________________ star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more massive than a giant star, being thousands of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively short lifespan. 10-50 million year lifespan. | Supergiant |
| A Supergiant Star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more _________ than a giant star, being thousands of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively short lifespan. 10-50 million year lifespan. | massive |
| A Supergiant Star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more massive than a giant star, being ________ of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively short lifespan. 10-50 million year lifespan. | thousands |
| A Supergiant Star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more massive than a giant star, being thousands of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively _________ lifespan. 10-50 million year lifespan. | short |
| A Supergiant Star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more massive than a giant star, being thousands of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively short lifespan. 10-50 _________ year lifespan. | million |
| To check to see how good you are at ranking the stars, write down the __________ (MK Type) from the HR Diagram Data table in the spreadsheet for each star in table 10.1. | spectral type |
| To check to see how good you are at ranking the stars, write down the spectral type (MK Type) from the ____________ Data table in the spreadsheet for each star in table 10.1. | H-R Diagram |
| To check your ability to rank in ______________, write down from the HR Diagram Data table the apparent visual magnitude V, of each star in Table 10.2. Brightest is V = -1.5, which is brighter than V = 0, which is brighter than V = 1, etc. | brightness |
| To check your ability to rank in brightness, write down from the HR Diagram Data table the apparent _____________ V, of each star in Table 10.2. Brightest is V = -1.5, which is brighter than V = 0, which is brighter than V = 1, etc. | visual magnitude |
| To check your ability to rank in brightness, write down from the HR Diagram Data table the apparent visual magnitude V, of each star in Table 10.2. Brightest is V = ________, which is brighter than V = 0, which is brighter than V = 1, etc. | -1.5 |
| If all the stars you observe were the same size, than the one that would be most luminous would be the one that is ________ and puts out more _________. | hotter, energy |
| If all the stars you observed were located at the same distance from the sun, the stars that would be the most luminous would be really _______ stars because they have more_________ and they put out more_________ than smaller stars. There bigger stars. | big, surface area, energy |
| The ____ line on the plot is the Zero _____ Main _______ (ZAMS), which represents the sequence of all stars when they first start burning ________ in their cores. | blue, age, sequence, hyrdrogen |
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