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BJU His chp 4 review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Mare Nostrum | The Roman term for the Mediterranean Sea;"our sea" |
pater | The father in the Roman family; exercised sole authority in the family |
clan | A number of families from a common ancestor |
tribe | A number of clans united by common beliefs and living in a particular region |
patrician | The aristocratic class in Rome made up of wealthy landowners and noble families |
plebeian | The common class in Rome made up of farmers, traders, and craftsmen |
imperium | The king's authority in Rome |
fasces | A small bundle of rods which enclosed an axe; symbol of the imperium |
republic | Form of government in which voting citizens exercise power through elected officials under law |
consul | Annually elected leaders of the Roman Republic who held the imperium |
plebiscite | A resolution of the Council of Plebeians |
tribunes | Ten men, elected by the Council of Plebeians, who protected the rights and interests of the common people |
veto | A way for tribunes to stop unjust acts of patrician officials |
publican | Tax collector for the Roman Republic in the provinces |
triumvfrate | Rule of three men |
imperator | An ancient title given to the commander of a victorious army; head of the Roman Empire |
Etruscans | One of Italy's earliest civilizations; lived in northern Italy and contributed to the development of Roman culture |
Romulus | One of the twin brothers who founded Rome according to Roman tradition. |
Remus | One of the twin brothers who founded Rome according to Roman tradition. |
League ofthe Seven Hills | League of seven villages on the banks of the Tiber River;the beginning of the city of Rome |
509 BC | The Roman Republic was established |
Senate | The most important and most powerful body of the Roman Republic |
Roman Forum | The center of Roman government |
Law of the Twelve Tables | Foundation of Roman civil law; the first written law code in Rome; hung in the Roman Forum |
287 BC | The Tribal Assembly gained the power to pass laws binding upon all the people of Rome, patricians and plebians |
Tribal Assembly | Another name for the plebeian assembly in Rome |
Pyrrhus | a distant relative of Alexander the great who defeated the Romans twice. |
Punic Wars | Three wars between Carthage and Rome |
Hannibal | A Carthaginian commander who marched his army over the Alps and fought victoriously through Italy for 15 years. |
Scipio | A Roman commander who defeated the Carthaginian army at the Battle of Zama. |
Cato | A Roman senator who aroused the Roman people to take action against prospering Carthage. |
Tiberius Gracchus | Grandson of Scipio(brother of Gaius)who championed the poor and got public land divided among the poor. Killed by the Senate. |
Gaius Gracchus | Grandson of Scipio(brother of Tiberius)who tried to get low grain prices for the poor. Killed in a riot caused by his enemies. |
Marius | A well known military hero who created a professional army the poor and landless could enlist in. |
Sulla | A Roman general whose rivalry with Marius caused civil war. Declared himself dictator and reorganized the Roman government to favor the Senate. |
Crassus | A commander in Sulla's army who competed with Pompey for fame & power. One of the richest men in Rome. |
Pompey | A commander in Sulla's army who competed with Crassus for fame & power. He was militarily superior. |
Julius Caesar | Nephew of Marius. A wise politician who knew how to sway the common people in order to accomplish his aims. |
March 15, 44 BC | The Ides of March, when a group of conspirators assassinated Julius Caesar. |
Mark Antony | Ruled east 1/2 of Rome after avenging Caesar's killers. Lost that to Octavian in a civil war. |
Octavian | Ruled west 1/2 of Rome after avenging Caesar's killers. Defeated Mark Antony in a civil war for complete control. |
31 BC | When Octavian's army defeated Antony at the Battle of Actium for control of Rome. |
Cleopatra | queen of Egypt, love interest of Mark Antony |