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SS Ch2, Sec 4 (6th)

The Civilization of Kush

QuestionAnswer
What was the region called Nubia later known as? Kush
Where was Nubia located? Along the Nile River south of Egypt in present-day Sudan.
When did people first arrive in Nubia? Evidence suggests that cattle herders arrived in about 2000 BC
What are savannas? Grassy plains that stretch across Africa south of the Sahara Desert where cattle herders grazed their herds.
What did later people do in Nubia? They settled in farming villages and grew crops. They were also excellent hunters, skilled at using the bow and arrow. They began forming armies known for their fighting skills.
How was the kingdom of Kerma created? The more powerful Nubian villages gradually took over the weaker ones
Who did Kerma develop close ties with? Egypt to the north
What did the Egyptians get from trading with Kerma? Cattle, gold, ivory, and enslaved people.
Who did Egypt hire from Kerma? They hired Nubian warriors to fight in their armies because of the Nubians' skills in warfare.
What did Kerma artisans make? Fine pottery, jewelry, and metal goods.
Where were the kings of Kerma buried? In tombs, like Egyptian pharaohs, that held precious stones, gold, jewelry, and pottery that were as spendid as those found in Egypt during the same period.
Which Egyptian pharaoh sent his armies into Nubia in the 1400's BC? Thutmose III
What happened when the Egyptians attacked Nubia? After a 50 year war, the kingdom of Kerma collapsed, and the Egyptians took control of much of Nubia.
How long did the Egyptians rule the Nubians? About 700 years.
How did being ruled by Egypt affect the Nubians? The people began to adopt Egyptian ways (the 2 cultures mixed). 1)They began to worship Egyptian gods and goddesses along with their own, 2)They learned how to work copper and bronze, 3)they changed Egyptian hierglyphs to fit their own language
When was the independent Nubian kingdom of Kush formed? by 850 BC (as Egypt declined at the end of the New Kindgom)
After Kush was formed, for the next few centuries powerful Kushite kings ruled from which city? Napata
Why was Napata a good location? It was located along the upper Nile where trade caravans crossed the river.
What did trade caravans carry from Kush to Egypt? gold, ivory, valuable woods, and other goods
What happened between Kush and Egypt about 750 BC? During the decline of Egypt's New Kingdom, a Kushite king named Kashta invaded Egypt and began to take over.
Who completed the takeover of Egypt and when was it complete? Kashta's son, Piye, completed the take over of Egypt in 728 BC.
What did Piye found? A dynasty that ruled both Egypt and Kush from Napata.
The Kings of Kush greatly admired Egyptian culture. How did they imitate the Egyptians? In Napata they built white sandstone temples and monuments similar to those of the Egyptians, and they built small pryamids in which to bury their kings.
Who invaded Egypt in the 600's BC and took Egypt from the Kushites? The Assyrians
What type of weapons were the Assyrians armed with? Iron weapons
What did the Kushites gain from the Assyrians? The secret of making iron
What were the Kushites the first Africans to do? Devote themselves to ironworking
How did the skill of ironworking help the farmers of Kush? They used iron for their hoes and plows rather than copper or stone. With these superior tools they were able to grow large amounts of grain and other crops.
How did the skill of ironworking help Kush's warriors? The began using iron spears and swords, increasing their military power.
What did traders from Kush trade and what did they get in return as far away as Arabia, India, and China? They traded iron products and enslaved people for cotton, textiles, and other goods.
When did Kush's leaders leave Napat and move farther south to be out of the Assyrians' reach? In about 540 BC
Where did Kush's rulers set up their new royal court? In the city of Meroe
How were Napata and Meroe similar and how were they different? Both had access to the Nile River for trade and transportation. However, the rocky desert east of Meroe contained rich deposits of iron ore. Meroe became not only a trading city, but also a center for making iron.
What did Kush's kings do to rebuild Meroe to look like an Egyptian city? Small pyramids stood in the royal graveyard, a huge temple sat at the end of a grand avenue lined with sculptures of rams, sandstone palaces and red-brick houses had walls decorated with paintings or blue and yellow tiles.
How far did Meroe's trading network reach? North to Egypts' border and south into central Africa
What did Kush's traders trade? They received leopard skins and valuable woods from the interior of Africa. They traded these goods, along with enslaved workers and their own iron products throughout the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean area.
How long did Kush remain a great trading power? About 600 years
When did Kush begin to weaken? By AD 200's
As Kush declined, what kingdom rose to take its place? The kingdom of Axum which was located in what is today the country of Ethiopia.
What happened to Meroe around AD 350? The armies of Axum burned it to the ground.
Created by: slheard
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