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Osteology

Osteology parts 1, 2 and 3

QuestionAnswer
Five Main Functions of Skeletal System Framework of entire body, Protection of vital organs, Levers for movement of muscle attachments, storage area for minerals (calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium, sodium) and produce blood cells/carry oxygen [hematopoisesis]
Skeletal System is composed of... bones, ligaments and cartilage
Periosteum outer membrane covering the bone
Trochanter a large rounded process for muscle attachment, larger than tubercle and tuberosity
Condyle Rounded knuckle like prominence usually at point of articulation forming a joint
Spine Raised more than crest, raised ridge
Crest moderately raised ridge
Foramen a hole or opening in bone for blood vessels and nerves
How many bones are in the Axial Skeleton 80 (weighty eighty)
What are the bones that make up the Axial Skeleton Cranium (8), Face (14), Ear (6), Hyoid (1), Vertebral Column (26), Thoracic/Rib Cage (25), Sternum (1)
How many bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton? 126
What are the bones that make up the Appendicular Skeleton? Upper Extremities (64), Lower Extremities (62)
What bones make up the Cranium? Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Occipital (1), Temporal (2), Sphenoid (1), Ethmoid (1)
What bones make up the Face? Maxilla (2), Palatine (2), Zygomatic (2), Lacrimal (2), Nasal (2), Vomer (1), Interior Nasal Concha (2), Mandible (1)
What bones make up the Ear? Malleus (2), Incus (2), Stapes (2)
What does the Hyoid do? Supports the base of the tongue
What bones make up the vertebral Column? Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (1) 5 fused bones, Coccyx (1) 3-5 fused bones
How many ribs in the rib cage? 7 true ribs, 5 False Ribs, 2 pair floating
What bones make up the Upper Extremities? Clavicle (2), Scapula (2), Humerus (2), Ulna (2), Radius (2) Carpals (16) Metacarpals (10), Phalanges (28)
What bones make up the Lower Extremities? Pelvic (2), Femur (2), Patella (2), Tibia (2), Fibula (2), Tarsals (14), Metatarsals (10), Phalanges (28)
types of joints Synarthrotic, Amphiarthrotic, Diarthrotic
What are Synarthrotic Joints? Immovable, contains fibrous connective tissue
What are Amphiarthrotic Joints? Slightly movable, contains cartilage
What are Diarthrotic Joints? Freely movable, contains synovial fluid
Type of Joints Pivot, Hinge, Ball and Socket, Gliding, Saddle, Condyloid/Ellipsoid
What is an example of a pivot joint? Neck
What is an example of a hinge joint? Elbow, Knee, Fingers
What is an example of a ball and socket joint? Hip joint, Shoulder
What is an example of a gliding joint? carpals, ankle bone, vertebrae
What is an example of a saddle joint? Thumb
What is an example of a condyloid/ellipsoid joint? between radius and carpals
What are the shapes of bones? Flat, short, Irregular, Long, Sutural, Sesamoid
An example of a flat bone... Skull, ribs, pelvic bones
An example of short bone... wrist, tarsals, ankles
An example of irregular bone... face, spinal column
An example of long bone... humerous, femur, metacarpals
An example of sutural bone... skull only
An example of sesamoid bone... knee cap, thumb, big toe
What is a sprain? Stretching or tearing of a ligament
What is articular cartilage found on ends of long bones (epiphysis) and acts as shock absorber
What is a sprain? stretching or tearing of a ligament
What is a fracture? a break or ruputre in a bone
What is a simple fracture? doesn't puncture skin, only in one area
What is a compound fracture? larger complete fracture, breaks through skin
What is a compression? bone is crushed
What is a comminuted fracture? shattered AND compressed bone fracture
What is a depressed fracture? bone pressed inward example skull
What is an impacted fracture? bones pushed into one another
What is a spiral fracture? twisted break, mostly in skiers
What is a greenstick fracture? fracture on only one side, mostly in children
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