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Sociology Exam: 1
Ch. 1,2,5
| Side A | Side B |
|---|---|
| Core values of society: | achievement, individualism, hard work, efficiency, science, material, freedom, democracy, equality, group superiority |
| cultural capital | education, attitudes, etc. that can either raise or lower societal status |
| What's culture? | shared set of beliefs + attitudes among a group of people |
| Private sector media: | 1)owned by small group of people; 2)advertising is primary source of revenue; 3)relies on government; 4)threatened by large corporations; 5)ebiquity of anticommunist sentiment |
| 2 main types of culture: | material and nonmaterial |
| nonmaterial culture | |
| material culture | |
| the 2 types of research: | qualitative + quantitative |
| societal institutions in U.S.(list) | GET FERMM: govt., economy, technology; family, education, religion, media, and medical |
| Who coined the term "sociology?" | Compte |
| Sci. method steps in Sociology: | 1)Select topic; 2)Define problem; 3)Literature review; 4)Form hypothesis; 5) Create a research model.; 6)Collect data; 7)Analyze your results.; 8)Share your results. |
| validity | Extent to which your experimental method measures what you intended it to measure |
| spurious relationship | When 2 things/variable seem to be related, but really--- there's a 3rd, less obvious variable causing what's going on; #churches and number of homicides--- 3rd variable: population=more churches and also more homicides(but separately) |
| George Meade | studied facial expressions' and gestures' different meanings in diff. countries |
| Herbert Blumer | Meade's student; coined "symbolic interaction" |
| Max Weber | hard work, faith, prosperity will cause ppl. to work hard + get far in society; religion is something to believe in + therefore makes cohesion in society |
| The main theories of sociology(conflicts): | symbolic interactionism theory, structural interactionism theory, conflict theory |
| symbolic interactionism | we create personal ID through interactions w/ others; communication through symbols(UT communicated by giant "T"); we act diff. in diff. interactions we have in society |
| achieved characteristics | characteristics one has worked to obtain; college acceptance |
| ascribed characteristics | characteristics one's born w/; race |
| Erving Hoffman | We're all actors w/ a role in society. Role changes depending on time, place, + audience; presentation of self-efforts to create impressions in other people's minds; soc. behavior described in language of theater |
| The main concepts of structural functionalism: | society viewed as a system; certain functional requirements must be met for a society to function; social structures exist b/c they serve a function |
| Charles Cooley | "Looking GLass"; process where indiv. use other people as mirrors.; conceptions of ourselves based on what's reflected back to us by them or what we think is; see ourselves through eyes of other ppl |
| Bourdieu | French soiologist; some things we do socially as we grow up become so natural we don't even realize we do them; tastes, preferences, skills,etc.--- habitus |
| tool kit | set of symbolic devices we learn through our culture + apply to our lives; similar cultures have similar tool kits |
| communication | sharing meaningful info. between ppl. or groups |
| language | comprehensive words + symbols that represent concepts |
| subculture | relatively small groups of ppl. whose affiliations are based on shared beliefs + practices; can be formed around activities or interests; sports fans |
| counterculture | ideals, attitudes, + behaviors that directly go AGAINST our culture; "frowned-upon" cultures; terrorist groups, gangs |
| The things to think abt. when forming research model: | 1)access to resources; 2)access to your subjects; 3)purpose of research; 4)researchers' background and training |
| Emile Durkheim | official father of scoiology; social integration; famous for study on suicide; more social integration = less likely to commit suicide; Protestants more likely than Catholics |
| social integration | degree to which members of agroup feel united by social bonds |
| organic solidarity | We depend on the division of labor to keep our society going; "I need you to do your job so I can do mine." |
| mechanical solidarity | Unity from performing similar tasks + working toward same cohesive goal |
| Karl Marx | Conflict Theory; Communist Manifesto |
| Conflict Theory- Burgeoisie: | owners of means of production(they have the control + power in society) |
| Conflict Theory- Proletariate: | exploited through force + economics; the common people |
| Conflict Theory- Petty Burogeoisie: | very wealthy class, the in-between; have power but they don't own the means of production; some celebrities |
| Conflict Theory roles in order of highest amt. of power: | Bourogeoisie; Petty Bourogeoisie; Proletariate |
| Communist Manifesto | replace capitalism w/ socialism; capitalism-->socialism-->communism;gradual process |
| survey | info. that's obtained by asking standardized questions |
| sample | indiv. groups that are intended to be studied |
| random sample | everyone in target population has same chance of being in your sample; selecting a UT freshman |
| stratified random sample | everyone in selected subgroup has same chance of being in sample; selecting a female UT freshman |
Created by:
hcmeek
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