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Biology of the Mind
bio chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| biological perspective | links between biology and behavior |
| neuron | a nerve cell, basic building block of nervous system |
| dendrites | receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
| axon | passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands. |
| myelin sheath | fatty tissue layer - enables greater transmission speed |
| action potential | neural impulse - electrical charge |
| threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
| synapse | cell body of the receiving neuron |
| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps. Influences whether neuron will generate neural impulse. |
| reuptake | |
| endorphins | |
| nervous system | body's electrochemical communication network |
| central nervous system | |
| peripheral nervous system | |
| nerves | axons that form connections between the nervous system and the muscles, glands, and sense organs. |
| sensory neurons | |
| motor neurons | |
| interneurons | |
| somatic nervous system | |
| autonomic nervous system | controls glands and muscles of internal organs (heart) |
| sympathetic nervous system | |
| parasympathetic nervous system | |
| reflex | |
| endocrine system | |
| hormones | |
| adrenal glands | endocrine glands that arouse body in times of stress |
| pituitary gland | |
| lesion | |
| electroencephalogram | |
| PET scan | |
| brainstem | |
| medulla | |
| thalamus | |
| reticular formation | |
| cerebellum | |
| limbic system | |
| amygdala | neural clusters linked to emotion |
| hypothalamus | |
| cerebral cortex | |
| glial cells | |
| frontal lobes | |
| parietal lobes | |
| occipital lobes | |
| temporal lobes | |
| motor cortex | |
| sensory cortex | |
| association areas | linked with mental functions: learning, remembering, thinking, speaking |
| plasticity | |
| neurogenesis | the formation of new neurons |
| corpus callosum | |
| split brain |
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